基于弹性车辆系统和OTPA方法的车辆振动传递特性分析  

Analysis of vehicle vibration transfer characteristics based on flexible vehicle system and OTPA method

作　　者：郭冰彬 罗志翔 肖乾[2] 程玉琦 杨逸航 朱恩豪 GUO Bing-bin;LUO Zhi-xiang;XIAO Qian;CHENG Yu-qi;YANG Yi-hang;ZHU En-hao(State Key Laboratory of Heavy-duty and Express High-power Electric Locomotive,CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Co.,Ltd.,Zhuzhou 412001,Hunan,China;State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring and Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure,East China Jiaotong University,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi,China;School of Vehicle Engineering,Jiangxi Vocational College of Mechanical and Electrical Technology,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中车株洲电力机车有限公司重载快捷大功率电力机车全国重点实验室,湖南株洲412001 [2]华东交通大学轨道交通基础设施性能监测与保障国家重点实验室,江西南昌330013 [3]江西机电职业技术学院车辆工程学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《交通运输工程学报》2024年第2期179-192,共14页Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52372327,51975210);大功率交流传动电力机车系统集成国家重点实验室开放课题(13221430000480)。

摘　　要：为了准确分析轨道车辆在较宽频域范围内的振动特性及传递规律,提出了一种基于弹性车辆系统动力学仿真模型的工况传递路径分析(OTPA)方法;建立了包含柔性轮对、构架和车体的弹性车辆系统动力学模型和与之结构参数完全相同的刚体模型,从时域的角度研究了轮对、构架和车体的振动特性,并将仿真结果与实测数据进行了对比,探究了弹性处理方式对车辆振动的影响,得出了振动能量的衰减规律;从频域的角度研究了在实测钢轨垂向不平顺的激励下,弹性车辆系统的振动特性;运用OTPA方法仿真分析了钢轨垂向不平顺结合车轮多边形的复杂工况下,车辆系统从轮对到构架至车体这一自下而上的振动传递过程当中垂向振动的主要传递路径。研究结果表明:车辆系统的弹性处理方式对整车振动有重要影响,弹性模型的轮对、构架和车体的振动加速度相比于刚体模型在中低频范围内更接近实测值,轴箱、构架和车体的最大振动幅值分别为250~450、30~40、3~4 m·s^(-2),由轮对至构架到车体,振动幅值呈一个数量级衰减;弹性模型的平稳性指标大于刚体模型,并且速度越大趋势越明显,车辆的弹性振动对运行性能的影响随着速度的提高而增大;车辆系统在复杂工况下,振动主要通过一系钢弹簧传递至构架,再通过空气弹簧和牵引拉杆传递至车内地板。In order to accurately analyze the vibration characteristics and transfer rules of rail vehicles in the wide frequency domain,a scheme for operational transfer path analysis(OTPA)based on a dynamics simulation model of a flexible vehicle system was proposed.A dynamics model of a flexible vehicle system including flexible wheelsets,frame,and vehicle body,as well as a rigid body model with identical structural parameters was established.The vibration characteristics of the wheelset,frame,and vehicle body were studied from the perspective of time domain.The simulation results were compared with the measured data to explore the effect of flexible treatment on vehicle vibration.The attenuation law of vibration energy was obtained.Meanwhile,the vibration characteristics of the flexible vehicle system under the excitation of measured vertical irregularities of steel rails were investigated from the perspective of the frequency domain.The OTPA method was used to simulate and analyze the main transfer path of vertical vibration in the bottom-up vibration transfer process of the vehicle system from wheelset to frame and vehicle body under complex condition of vertical irregularities of steel rails combined with wheel polygon.Research results indicate that the flexible treatment method of the vehicle system has a significant impact on vehicle vibration.Compared with the rigid body model,the vibration accelerations of wheelsets,frame,and vehicle body in the flexible vehicle system model are closer to measured values in the mid-to-low frequency range.The maximum vibration amplitudes of axle box,frame,and vehicle body are 250-450,30-40,and 3-4 m·s^(-2),respectively.The vibration amplitude attenuates by an order of magnitude from the wheelsets to the frame and vehicle body.The sperling index of the flexible vehicle system model is greater than that of the rigid body model,and the trend becomes more obvious as the speed increases.The impact of a vehicle's flexible vibration on the operational performance increases with the incr

关 键 词：轨道交通 弹性车辆系统 工况传递路径分析 钢轨垂向不平顺 车轮多边形 刚体模型 传递路径 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]