论中国传统法典立法技术的发展——以唐明律计亩论罪为中心的考察  

On the Development of Legislative Techniques of Traditional Chinese Legal Codes:A Study on Sentencing Based on the Acreage of Land in Tang and Ming Codes

作　　者：周东平[1] 王舒[1] ZHOU Dongping;WANG Shu(School of Law,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,Fujian)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期68-78,共11页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“传承中华优秀传统法律文化研究”(23ZDA079)。

摘　　要：中国传统立法沿革表明,其法典立法技术在不断进步,而唐明律计亩论罪量刑方式则较为明显地反映出这种变化。其立法技术沿革模式可以分为两类:一类是侵犯他人田土使用权和所有权的犯罪,罪刑虽然有所改动、整合,但传承关系明显;另一类与土地分配、赋役征派等基本国策相关联,因政策调整,犯罪类型差异大,但其部分刑等设计却随刑罚体系传承下来。计亩论罪与计赃论罪的原理不同,不能简单视为实物计赃,其行用与犯罪不符合盗罪构成有关,也是国家财政方针在法律中的如实反映。唐明两朝计亩论罪呈现出量刑从公私不分到区分官民、刑罚偏轻且具备体系性的鲜明特点。与唐代相较,明代更加重视官有财产保护以及体系内各罪刑罚间的联系,其立法技术更趋完善。The evolution of traditional Chinese legislation has witnessed significant advancements in the legislative techniques of legal codes.Among various legal issues,sentencing based on the acreage of land in Tang and Ming Codes has received scant scholarly attention in terms of its development.Based on the crimes involved,two different patterns can be discerned.In cases of infringement on land use rights and ownership,the legacy of Tang Codes persisted in Ming Codes,although with modifications and integration in crime classification and punishments.Conversely,crimes related to fundamental national policies such as land distribution,taxes,and corvée underwent significant classification changes,with some punishments inherited from previous systems.It is essential to differentiate sentencing based on the acreage of land from sentencing based on the proceeds of crime.The former should not solely be seen as treating only tangible assets as crime proceeds;it is linked to offenses beyond the scope of theft,reflecting national financial strategies within legal boundaries.The evolution of sentencing based on the acreage of land during the Tang and Ming Dynasties demonstrates a clear shift in sentencing principles,from a lack of differentiation between officials and civilians to the introduction of such differentiation.Moreover,punishments became less severe,and legislative approaches became more systematic.Compared to the Tang Dynasty,the Ming Dynasty placed greater emphasis on protecting the property of officials and the interconnectedness among various crimes and punishments within the legal framework,showcasing more refined legislative techniques.

关 键 词：唐明律 立法技术 计亩论罪 计赃论罪 量刑 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]