基于最大熵模型的宁强天麻生产区划研究  

Production Regionalization Study of Gastrodia elata in Ningqiang Based on MaxEnt Model

作　　者：王尚涛 郭怡博 朱成豪 张远帆 周建国 张伟 孙志蓉[1] WANG Shangtao;GUO Yibo;ZHU Chenghao;ZHANG Yuanfan;ZHOU Jianguo;ZHANG Wei;SUN Zhirong(School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 102488,China;Ningqiang County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shaanxi 724400,China;Ningqiang Tianma Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Ningqiang 724400,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学中药学院,北京102488 [2]宁强县农业农村局,宁强724400 [3]宁强县中药材产业发展中心,宁强724400

出　　处：《世界中医药》2024年第6期763-772,779,共11页World Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-21);陕西宁强县科技攻关项目(KJ2019-001)。

摘　　要：目的:通过对汉中宁强县天麻生态适宜性、产量和品质区划的研究,为宁强县天麻产业规划提供参考。方法:应用最大熵(MaxEnt)模型,结合产地调研、文献信息收集及样品采集和含量测定,解析影响天麻产量和品质的生态环境变量,构建天麻有效成分与环境因子的关系模型,利用地理信息系统技术(ArcGIS)进行天麻品质区划和生产区划研究,总结小尺度(县域)范围内天麻生产区划的研究方法。结果:对采集到的89个生态因子进行筛选,最终选择13个生态因子做进一步分析,影响天麻的环境因子按贡献率大小依次为地形(43.2%)>气候(27.9%)>土壤(22.3%)>植被(6.5%);宁强天麻生态高适宜区主要分布在县中东部、南部和县北部的部分地区;产量高适宜区主要在县东部;品质高适宜区主要分布在县西部、北部和南部的部分地区,高海拔区天麻浸出物含量相对较低,而地势平坦区巴利森苷E的含量相对较高,巴利森苷B、C和天麻素含量的空间分布规律较一致。结论:在陕西宁强县地形、气候和土壤是影响天麻分布的主要环境因素。天麻品质区划与产量区划中适宜区的分布规律不相同,在进行天麻生产区划研究时应注重品质与产量区划研究相结合。Objective:Through the research of ecological suitability,yield,and quality regionalization of Gastrodia elata in Ningqiang County,this paper provided a reference for industry planning of G.elata in Ningqiang County.Methods:Based on the MaxEnt model and combined with the origin investigation,literature information collection,sample collection and content measurement,the ecological environmental factors affecting the yield and quality of G.elata were analyzed,and the relationship model between the active components and environmental factors was established.The quality and production regionalization of G.elata were studied by using geographic information system technology(ArcGIS).The research methods of production regionalization of G.elata on small scale(county)were summarized.Results:The collected 89 ecological factors affecting G.elata were screened,and 13 ecological factors were finally selected for further analysis.The environmental factors affecting G.elata were topographic factor(43.2%)>climate factor(27.9%)>soil factor(22.3%)>vegetation factor(6.5%)in order of contribution rate.The ecological high suitable areas of Ningqiang G.elata were mainly distributed in the central and eastern part of the county,the southern part and the northern part of the county.The suitable area with high yield was mainly in the eastern part of the county.High-quality suitable areas were mainly distributed in the western,northern and southern parts of the county,the extract content of G.elata was relatively low in the high altitude area,while the content of parishin E was relatively high in the flat terrain area.The spatial distribution of parishin B,C and Gastrodin contents was consistent.Conclusion:Climate and soil were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of G.elata in Ningqiang County,Shaanxi Province.The distribution law of suitable area was different between the quality regionalization and the yield regionalization of G.elata.

关 键 词：天麻 生产区划 生态适宜性 最大熵模型 地理信息系统 品质 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]