基于点云数字高程模型的铁路断面提取方法  

Railway Section Extraction Method based on Point Cloud Digital Elevation Model

作　　者：杨远超[1] 石硕 武瑞宏[1] 任军辉[1] Yang Yuanchao;Shi Shuo;Wu Ruihong;Ren Junhui(China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司,西安市710043

出　　处：《勘察科学技术》2024年第1期11-15,共5页Site Investigation Science and Technology

基　　金：中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司重点专项研究课题(2021KY73ZD(ZDZX)-01)。

摘　　要：针对铁路行业的特殊性,通用激光点云处理软件无法实现与铁路工程深度融合,导致自动化处理效率低、技术功能支撑薄弱等问题,该文提出了基于点云数字高程模型的铁路断面提取方法。该方法从平面图、铁路线路设计模型中获取断面名称及节点平面坐标,基于AutoCAD设计平台加载海量瓦片精细点云数据,利用分布式局部Delaunay三角剖分算法构建数字高程模型,建立离散采样点模式与光滑地表间的紧密贴合映射关系;然后根据空间距离插值获取断面高程信息,并批量完成数据检核、抽稀和格式转换;最后绘制出断面图。实例证明:该方法断面提取效率高,获得的断面满足精度要求,为铁路建设的施工测量提供了有益参考。In view of the particularity of the railway industry,the general laser point cloud processing software cannot be deeply integrated with railway engineering,which causes problems such as low automatic processing efficiency and weak technical function support.This paper proposes a method of railway section extraction based on point cloud digital elevation model.This method obtains the section name and node plane coordinates from the floor plan and railway line design model,loads massive tile fine point cloud data based on the AutoCAD design platform,constructs a digital elevation model by using the distributed local Delaunay triangulation algorithm,establishes the close fitting mapping relationship between the discrete sampling point mode and the smooth surface.And then this method obtains the section elevation information according to spatial distance interpolation,and completes the data check,thinning and format conversion in batches,and finally draws the section map.The example shows that this method has high cross-section extraction efficiency,the obtained cross-sections can meet the accuracy requirements,which provides a useful reference for railway construction survey.

关 键 词：机载激光雷达 数字高程模型 断面 DELAUNAY三角网 重心坐标插值 

分 类 号：U212.2[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]