机会公平环境的微观收入效应——来自人口迁移行为的证据  

Micro Income Effects of An Opportunity Fairness Environment:Evidence from Migration Behavior

作　　者：王伟同 徐溶壑 张妍彦 WANG Weitong;XU Ronghe;ZHANG Yanyan(Center for Industrial and Business Organization,Dongbei University of Finance and Economics;School of Economics,Dongbei University of Finance and Economics;Institute for Northeast Full Revitalization,Dongbei University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]东北财经大学产业组织与企业组织研究中心,116025 [2]东北财经大学经济学院,116025 [3]东北财经大学东北全面振兴研究院,116025

出　　处：《经济研究》2024年第3期130-146,共17页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71973020,72373018);国家自然科学基金青年项目(72103030);国家社会科学基金重大项目(23&ZD062)的资助。

摘　　要：本文从代际流动视角探究了机会公平环境对居民收入的微观影响。通过匹配城市代际流动数据与微观人口数据,本文构造了反映人口在不同机会公平地区迁移状况的微观数据集,并基于人口迁移的因果识别策略,探讨了机会公平环境对个体收入的年均接触效应。结果表明,在机会公平程度高1个单位的城市每多驻留1年,个体收入排位将提高0.0408个百分位,且不同驻留年限的年均接触效应具有持续性和同质性。异质性分析表明,迁往机会更公平地区的个体存在显著的正向接触效应,迁往机会更不公平地区的个体则存在显著的负向接触效应,同时这种机会公平的正向接触效应更多存在于青年、高学历、城市户籍、高技能行业与非国有部门的个体中。机制分析显示,机会公平环境会显著促进个体融入,使用工单位更少排斥外来移民,提升了求职渠道市场化程度,进而带来正向接触效应。本文结论表明,构建机会公平的城市环境不仅有利于公平正义,也是优化城市人力资本配置、提升居民收入水平的重要途径。Promoting social fairness and justice is an important manifestation of the core values of socialism.President Xi Jinping emphasized that comprehensively deepening reforms must take promoting social fairness and justice and im-proving people's well-being as the starting point and goal.The“fairness of opportunity”emphasized in the report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)is an important way to achieve social fairness and justice,which helps individuals achieve higher-quality and fuller employment.Opportunity fairness means that individual development is less influenced by their parents and depends more on their abilities and efforts,and the distribution of human capital and income returns have a fairer market environment.It is not only about fairness but also about efficiency,which is crucial to high-quality economic development and the improvement of people's living standards.However,there remains a lack of sufficient theoretical explanation and micro-evidence on the impact of an opportunity fairness environment on economic efficiency,especially micro-individual income levels.To test the income effect of the opportunity fairness environment,it is necessary to use the exogenous changes of the opportunity fairness environment to identify its impact on individual income.The large-scale population migration since China's reform and opening up provides a quasi-natural experiment for this paper to test the impact of the environment of opportunity fairness on individual income.This paper uses the micro-data set formed by matching the 1%population sam-pling survey data in 2005 and the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey(CLDS)with the urban absolute intergenerational mobility data and uses for reference of Chetty&Hendren(2018)and Hull(2018)to construct a causal identification strategy based on population migration.Using the dual differences in migration decisions across different urban groups and the length of residence in new cities,this paper identifies the micro-level impact of the urba

关 键 词：机会公平 移民识别策略 代际流动 居民收入 

分 类 号：F124.7[经济管理—世界经济] C924.2[社会学—人口学]