分类与比较:对人的治理的两种方式  

Classification and Comparison:Two Approaches to the Governance of Persons

作　　者：张乾友[1] ZHANG Qianyou(School of Government,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《行政论坛》2024年第2期31-38,共8页Administrative Tribune

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“国家治理中的非预期结果及其应对研究”(23AZZ013)。

摘　　要：治理是一种生产秩序的活动。任何秩序都是人的秩序,任何治理也都是对人的治理。对人的治理必须回应人最内在的关切,这是因为人是一种评价性存在,总是希望证明和被承认自己的价值。概言之,任何秩序本质上都是一种价值秩序,而治理就是生产价值秩序的过程。价值秩序的生产有两种主要的方式,即分类与比较。分类,是指将人及其价值创造的行为归入不同的价值类别,以明确不同的人到底在哪些方面创造了价值,进而明确人们作为价值主体的独特性与共同性;比较,是指用同一种尺度去衡量不同人及其价值创造的行为,以确定每个人到底创造了多少价值,进而确定人们作为价值主体的等级关系。基于这两种方式,也形成了通过分类的治理和通过比较的治理两种治理模式。Governance is the order-making process.All order is order of persons,and all governance is governance of persons.The governance of persons must respond to the innermost concerns of persons,because persons are evaluative beings who always want to prove and be recognized for their values.In summary,every order is essentially a value order,and governance is the process of producing a value order.There are two main ways to produce a value order,namely classification and comparison.Classification refers to the categorization of persons and their value-creating behaviors into different value categories in order to clarify the aspects in which different persons actually create value,and thus clarify the uniqueness and commonality of persons as value subjects.Comparison refers to the use of the same yardstick to measure different persons and their value-creating behaviors in order to determine how much value each individual actually creates,and thus determine the hierarchical relationship of persons as value subjects.Based on these two approaches,two modes of governance have also been developed:governance by classification and governance by comparison.

关 键 词：分类 比较 对人的治理 治理技术 治理模式 

分 类 号：D032[政治法律—政治学] D035