被误读的文本与历史——再谈《理查二世》与1601年埃塞克斯事件之关联  

The Misread Text and History:Richard II and the Essex Incident of 1601

作　　者：王清雨 Qingyu Wang(School of Foreign Languages,Peking University,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院,北京100871

出　　处：《外国语言与文化》2024年第1期24-34,共11页Foreign Languages and Cultures

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“缪勒选译《东方圣书》的文明互鉴思想研究”(22CWW006)

摘　　要：长期以来,强加于埃塞克斯事件与莎士比亚历史剧《理查二世》之间的紧密联系限制了学界对《理查二世》文本的解读。本研究梳理历史文献,结合史学界对埃塞克斯事件的研究进展,旨在阐明这种“历史背景”如何凌驾于文本之上,并长期误导戏剧文本的解读。在埃塞克斯案的审讯过程中,官方利用约翰·海沃德的史论《亨利四世的生平与统治(第一部分)》来罗织埃塞克斯密谋反叛的罪名,并以其部下在“叛乱”前夕观赏《理查二世》的行为,来渲染他的政治野心。本文重构与《理查二世》紧密关联的政治文化语境,揭示戏剧如何更深刻地反映并塑造了当时王权观念的演变。The widely accepted belief that there was a strong connection between the Essex"rebellion"and William Shakespeare's Richard Ⅱ has limited scholars'interpretation of this play.This research sheds light on how a supposed"historical context"has consistently misled the understanding of the play.The Earl of Essex's political opponents within the Elizabethan government used John Hayward's The First Part of the Life and Raigne of King Henrie ⅡⅡ to implicate Essex in a plot,portraying his group as scheming by staging a performance of Richard Ⅱ on the day before the"rebellion".They even intentionally conflated Hayward's historical account with Shakespeare's play to emphasize Essex's presumed political maneuvering.This research reconstructs the political and cultural context closely associated with RichardⅡ,revealing how the play reflected more deeply on and influenced the development of late sixteenthcentury ideas ofkingship.

关 键 词：《理查二世》 埃塞克斯事件 神圣王权 《亨利四世的生平与统治(第一部分)》 英国政府档案 

分 类 号：I561[文学—其他各国文学]