基于财富和生产双重属性视角的我国数字资本测度研究  

Research on the Measurement of China's Digital Capital from the Perspectives of Wealth and Production

作　　者：金灿阳 徐蔼婷 Jin Canyang;Xu Aiting

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学数据科学学院 [2]浙江工商大学统计与数学学院

出　　处：《统计研究》2024年第4期12-26,共15页Statistical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于‘知识产权强国’战略的高价值专利判别、测度与驱动效应的统计研究”(22&ZD162);浙江省哲学社会科学规划领军人才培育课题(青年英才)“高质量发展视阈下浙江专利价值统计测度与政策激励效应评估”(22QNYC14ZD);浙江省一流学科A类(浙江财经大学统计学)、浙江省重点建设高校优势特色学科(浙江工商大学统计学)和统计数据工程技术与应用协同创新中心资助。

摘　　要：数据是数字经济发展的关键生产要素,是国家基础性战略性资源。本文兼顾财富摸底和贡献衡量的双重需求,利用永续盘存法(PIM)新途径,系统测算1995—2021年我国数字资本的财富性资本存量总额、财富性资本存量净额、生产性资本存量和资本服务规模,继而分别刻画了数字资本财富积累的阶段性特征及其赋能经济增长贡献的变化趋势。研究表明:从财富积累特征看,财富性数字资本存量净额以21.12%的年均增速实现跨越式增长,表现出“加速–放缓–提速–阻滞”的四阶段变动特征。不同于其他类型数字资本的持续快速积累态势,融合数字软件资本积累更易受宏观经济形势的扰动。分行业看,数字经济与传统产业的融合呈现出“三产>二产>一产”的逆向渗透格局,且显现出数实融合过程中“不均”“不深”的特征。从赋能经济增长贡献看,基于数字资本服务测算得到的经济增长贡献率呈现“升–降–升”的N型增长趋势,且数字软件资本逐步取代数字硬件资本成为拉动经济增长的强劲动力。本文全方位地展示了数字资本“投资–消耗–积累–服务”的资本运动全过程,论证了将财富与生产双重属性置于同一资本测算框架的必要性,以及以资本服务测度资本投入的不可替代性。Data is the key production factor for the development of digital economy and the fundamental strategic resource for the country.Taking into account the dual needs of wealth mapping and contribution measurement,as well as the scientific selection of asset efficiency loss profiles in conjunction with the characteristics of digital assets,this paper systematically measures the gross stock,net capital stock,productive stock and capital services of digital capital in China from 1995 to 2021 using the new PIM approach,and then the accumulation characteristics of digital capital and its contribution to the economic growth are depicted respectively.The study shows that,in terms of the wealth accumulation characteristics,the net digital capital stock grows at an average annual rate of 21.12%,showing a four-stage pattern of"acceleration-slowdown-acceleration-stagnation".The accumulation of integrated digital software capital is more susceptible to disturbances of the macroeconomic situation,different from the sustained and rapid accumulation of other categories of digital capital.From the industry perspective,the integration of the digital economy and traditional industries shows a reverse infiltration pattern of the tertiary industry>the secondary industry>the primary industry",and shows the"uneven"and"not deep"characteristics of the integration process.In terms of the contribution rates,the contribution of digital capital to economic growth,as measured by digital capital services,has shown an N-shaped upward trend of"up-down-up",and digital software capital is gradually replacing digital hardware capital as a strong driver of economic growth.Finally,this paper presents the entire process of digital capital's movement of"investment-consumptionaccumulation-service"and demonstrates the necessity of placing the dual perspectives of wealth and production in the same capital measurement framework,as well as the irreplaceability of capital services as a capital input.

关 键 词：数字资本 财富性数字资本存量净额 数字资本服务 PIM新途径 资产效率损失模式 

分 类 号：F222.3[经济管理—国民经济]