经典名方中芡实的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Euryales Semen in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：高子轩 瞿城[1] 严辉[1] 夏玲 郭盛[1] 詹志来 GAO Zixuan;QU Cheng;YAN Hui;XIA Ling;GUO Sheng;ZHAN Zhilai(National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210023,China;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学中药资源产业化与方剂创新药物国家地方联合工程研究中心,江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心,江苏省经典名方工程研究中心,南京210023 [2]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2024年第11期210-217,共8页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-21);2019年医疗服务与保障能力提升补助资金“全国中药资源普查项目”(财社[2019]39号);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1711401)。

摘　　要：通过查阅古代相关本草、医籍、方书及近现代文献资料,对经典名方中所用芡实的名称、基原、产地、品质评价、采收加工与炮制方法等进行了系统梳理并考证。结果表明芡实最早以“鸡头实”之名被本草收载,自明代以来以“芡实”为正名并延续至今,另有“雁喙实”等别名;历代所用基原古今一致,为睡莲科植物芡Euryale ferox,然因长期的人工驯化,致使品种随产地的不同而不同,有北芡、苏芡之分;芡实入药部位为成熟种仁;古代著录的产地主要有山东、江苏、河南等地,自明清以来推崇苏州所产的苏芡;近代以来逐步总结形成芡实以颗粒饱满、断面白色、粉性足、无碎末者为佳的性状品质评价方法;历代采收时间主要为“八月”或“逢秋采实”;历代炮制方法主要有去皮作粉、蒸后舂粉、晒干、炒等,延续至今形成了净制、炒制两大主流炮制方法。基于考证结果,建议经典名方易黄汤中芡实选用芡E.ferox成熟种仁,结合原方炮制要求,建议参考现行版《中华人民共和国药典》炮制通则中清炒法炮制。This paper systematically combed and verified the name,origin,producing area,quality evaluation,harvesting,processing of Euryales Semen in famous classical formulas by consulting relevant ancient materia medica,medical books,prescription books and modern literature.The results showed that Euryales Semen was first collected by materia medica under the name of Jitoushi,and since the Ming dynasty,Qianshi has been used as a proper name and continues to this day,with other aliases such as Yanhuishi.Euryale ferox,a plant of the Nymphaeaceae family,is the same as that used in the past dynasties.However,due to longterm artificial domestication,the varieties vary with the origin,including Beiqian and Suqian.The medicinal part of Euryales Semen is mature seed kernel,its origin of ancient records mainly includes Shandong,Jiangsu,Henan and other places,since the Ming and Qing dynasties,Euryales Semen produced in Suzhou has been highly praised.Since modern times,it has gradually summarized and formed the best quality evaluation method of Euryales Semen with full grains,white cross-section,powdery enough and no broken powder.The harvesting time in the past dynasties was mainly August or in autumn.The main processing methods in the past dynasties included peeling for powder,pounding powder after steaming,drying and frying.Up to now,two mainstream processing methods of cleansing and stir-frying have been formed.Based on the research results,it is recommended that the mature seed kernel of E.ferox be used in famous classical formula Yihuangtang.Combined with the processing requirements of the original formula,it is suggested to refer to the stir-frying method in the general principles of processing of the current edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

关 键 词：经典名方 芡实 本草考证 基原 种类 产地变迁 学名演变 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R28[医药卫生—中医学] R24[文化科学—图书馆学] G254