生物人工肾在肾衰竭研究中的进展  

Research advances of bioartificial kidney in the management of renal failure

作　　者：牛泽家馨 卫田 郑秉暄 田普训[1] Niu Zejiaxin;Wei Tian;Zheng Bingxuan;Tian Puxun(Department of renal transplantation,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,Organ Transplant Institute,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学第一附属医院肾脏病医院肾移植科,西安交通大学器官移植研究所,西安710061

出　　处：《中华器官移植杂志》2024年第2期125-130,共6页Chinese Journal of Organ Transplantation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82270791)。

摘　　要：肾衰竭是严重影响人类健康且医疗花费巨大的重大疾病。肾脏功能替代疗法是治疗肾衰竭的重要手段,目前临床中常见的肾脏功能替代疗法(血液透析、腹膜透析)尚存在诸多局限性,肾脏移植又因器官短缺匮乏限制了肾衰竭患者的普遍救治。近年来生物人工肾(bioartificial kidney)是通过生物工程技术生产的一种非常有前景的肾脏功能替代疗法,其主要由两大部分构成:替代肾小球过滤功能的血液过滤器和替代肾小管功能的生物反应器,旨在替代肾脏的大部分过滤、重吸收、分泌及代谢功能。本综述重点介绍国际前沿的生物人工肾装置的进展,包括硅纳米技术、组织工程及透析液再生技术等,重点是血液过滤器的滤过膜、生物反应器的生物载体膜以及体外肾小管细胞的培养技术及存在的技术难点。期待现代生物人工肾作为一种切实有效的肾脏替代方式应用于肾衰竭的临床治疗。Renal failure has been a common disease of seriously affecting human health and incurring huge medical expenses.Renal function replacement therapy is a major treatment of renal failure.However,hemodialysis,peritoneal dialysis has many limitations in clinical practices.Due to a great shortage of organs,kidney transplantation is not widely applied for end-stage renal disease.In recent years,bioartificial kidney has emerged as a promising alterative.Blood filters of replacing glomerular filtration and bioreactors of mimicking tubular function are combined for replace most functions of filtration,reabsorption,secretion and metabolism of the kidney.This review summarized the latest advances of globally cutting-edge bioartificial kidney devices,including silicon nanotechnology,tissue engineering and dialysate regeneration technology.filtration membrane of blood filter,biological carrier membrane of bioreactors and in vitro culturing of renal tubular cells.It is expected that bioartificial kidney may be applied more extensively for RF.

关 键 词：肾功能衰竭 肾脏替代治疗 人工肾 血液过滤 生物反应器 

分 类 号：R692.5[医药卫生—泌尿科学]