试论西周带墓道大墓墓道的区域特征  

Regional Characteristics of Western Zhou Large Tomb Passage

作　　者：李准烨 Lee Joon Yup(Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871

出　　处：《江汉考古》2024年第2期72-84,共13页Jianghan Archaeology

摘　　要：西周时期带墓道大墓根据墓道后端是否有较宽大的平台可分为“一段式墓道”“二段式墓道”两种类型,各类型下又有“深墓室式”“通二层台式”“通墓底式”等亚型。西周带墓道大墓可分为三个区,即以陕西、山西、宁夏和北京为代表的I区,以河南、山东为代表的II区和以湖北为代表的III区。各区带墓道大墓的特点如下:1.II区基本沿用了晚商时期的墓道底形制,少见墓道内摆放马车现象。2.I区二段式墓道较为流行,这一形制与墓道内摆放马车有关,并随着摆放马车习俗的消退,二段式墓道逐渐由一段式通二层台式墓道所取代,部分非姬姓周人还使用了一段式深墓室式墓道。3.III区流行一段式深墓室式墓道,墓道内不见马车随葬。During the Western Zhou period,large tombs with passages can be classified into two types by the absence/presence of a wide platform at the rear of the passage,namely the“single-section tomb passage”and“two-section tomb passage.”Each type consists of subtypes such as“deep tomb chamber style,”“passing through two-level platforms style,”and“passing through tomb bottom style.”The large tombs with passages from the Western Zhou period are primarily distributed in three districts:Region I represented by Shaanxi,Shanxi,Ningxia,and Beijing;Region II by Henan and Shandong;and Region III by Hubei.The characteristics of large tombs with passages in each region are as follows:(1)Region II mostly retained the tomb passage structure from the late Shang period,with few instances of chariots placed inside the passage.(2)In Region I,the two-section tomb passage was more common,associated with chariots placed inside the passage.As the custom of burying chariots declined,the two-section tomb passage gradually gave way to the single-section passing through two-level platforms style,with some non-Ji Zhou people also using the single-section deep tomb chamber style.(3)In Region III,the single-section deep tomb chamber style was prevalent,with no chariots buried inside the passage.

关 键 词：西周 带墓道大墓 墓道 区域特征 

分 类 号：K871.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]