制度、学术与政争:从乾隆博学鸿词科看雍、乾之际的文化与政治  

System,Academia and Political Struggle:On the Culture and Politics in the Transition Period from Yongzheng to Qianlong from the Bo-Xue Hong-Ci Examination in Early Qianlong Period

作　　者：罗吉芝 张循[1] Luo Jizhi;Zhang Xun

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2024年第2期85-96,共12页Journal of Chinese Culture

摘　　要：从获得荐举资格、入京考试,再到中式或落选,乾隆元年博学鸿词科的征士们在不同阶段表现出不同的思想状态,蕴含着这些亲历者对该科的理解。从征士角度分析,乾隆元年博学鸿词科正处在制度史、学术史、政治史三个脉络的交叉点上,研究者借此可以窥见乾隆初期历史的诸多面相。选士与考试过程展示了地方与朝廷的互动,朝廷可以驱使地方,地方也反过来影响朝廷。考试经史的新变化引发了征士与朝廷之间有关“博学鸿词”的异议,反证了词章之学在乾隆初年的强势地位。试后舆论出现的“抑张扬鄂”趋势,又使博学鸿词科成为乾隆初年朝廷党争的战场之一。Obtained the qualification for nomination,entered the capital for the examination,and then been selected or not selected,the candidates who participated in the Bo-Xue Hong-Ci Examination(博学鸿词科)held in the first year of the Qianlong reign passed through different stages and showed different states of mind,which have reflected their understanding of the examination.Analyzed from the perspective of the candidates,the examination was at a crossroads of institutional history,academic history and political history,and researchers could take this opportunity to see the many facets of the history of the early Qianlong period.The selection and examination process demonstrated the mutual interaction between the local societies and the imperial court.A few changes of the examination has caused debate between the candidates and the court about the concept"Bo-Xue Hong-Ci"(博学鸿词),which proved the strong position of the study of poetry and prose(ci zhang zhi xue;词章之学)at that time.Moreover,a trend of the public opinion to depreciate Zhang Tingyu(张廷玉)and praise Ortai(鄂尔泰)has made the examination become one of the battlegrounds of the party struggle at the court.

关 键 词：博学鸿词 征士 词章 张廷玉 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K249[政治法律—中外政治制度]