高频轮牧对典型草原生产生态效果的影响  

Ecological and economic effects of intensive rotational grazing in a typical steppe

作　　者：茹雅倩 薛建国[2] 葛萍 李钰霖 李东旭 韩鹏 杨天润 储伟 陈章 张晓琳 李昂[2] 黄建辉[2,4] RU Ya-Qian;XUE Jian-Guo;GE Ping;LI Yu-Lin;LI Dong-Xu;HAN Peng;YANG Tian-Run;CHU Wei;CHEN Zhang;ZHANG Xiao-Lin;LI Ang;HUANG Jian-Hui(College of Grassland Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China;State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang,Henan 471023,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences,China Three Gorges University,Yichang,Hubei 443002,China;School of Law and Sociology,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China;Yichang Meteorological Bureau,Yichang,Hubei 443000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学草业学院,山西太谷030801 [2]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093 [3]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471023 [4]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [5]三峡大学生物与制药学院,湖北宜昌443002 [6]重庆工商大学法学与社会学学院,重庆400067 [7]宜昌市气象局,湖北宜昌443000

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2024年第2期171-179,共9页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA26020102);国家自然科学基金(31971484和32271744)。

摘　　要：中国草地管理从应急性的围封禁牧,逐步转向兼顾生产生态目标,按照草畜平衡原则对放牧草地进行管理和利用。在草畜平衡载畜量下,进一步通过科学精细的放牧管理,实现草地的持续恢复和合理保育,是当前草地生态系统管理的重要理论和实践问题。该研究在锡林郭勒典型草原,以连续放牧、传统轮牧、高频轮牧为处理组,围封不放牧为对照组,展开为期两年的放牧实验,以回答草畜平衡放牧强度下的高频轮牧是否更有利于维持草地植物群落结构的稳定和生产生态的协同优化。实验结果表明,在草畜平衡条件下的高频轮牧管理,通过延长草地的牧后恢复时间,限制牲畜对植物物种的选择性采食,能够提升羊草(Leymus chinensis)、针茅(Stipa spp.)等优质牧草的生物量及其在群落生物量中的占比,同时促进成年绵羊的个体增长。该研究结果表明在草畜平衡载畜量条件下的高频轮牧管理,能够促进草地群落植物功能群的优化,也有利于草地生产和生态功能的协同。Aims The management policies of China’s rangeland have shifted from grassland fencing and grazing removal towards a more balanced approach between livestock loads and herbage biomass for grazing.This shift has led to a growing emphasis on the theoretical and practical significance of using smart grazing management to promote grassland restoration.Methods In this study,we conducted a two-year experiment involving continuous grazing,traditional rotational grazing,and intensive rotational grazing as treatment groups and no grazing as a control group to estimate the ecological and economic impacts of implementing intensive rotational grazing in a typical steppe of Xilin Gol.Important findings Intensive rotational grazing could restore the biomass of Leymus chinensis and Stipa spp.,and significantly put weight on the adult sheep.Furthermore,the advantage of intensive rotational grazing lies in extending the post-grazing recovery time and curbing selective animal grazing through balanced livestock loads and herbage biomass.Therefore,our preliminary results suggest that employing intensive rotational grazing and following balanced livestock loads and herbage biomass could be a promising approach to achieve a harmonious blend of economic benefits and ecosystem services in rangeland management practices.

关 键 词：放牧管理 轮牧 草畜平衡 草地修复 典型草原 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]