我国灵活就业人员职业伤害风险影响因素及其防制对策  

Influencing factors of occupational injury risk of workers in diverse forms of employment and the prevention and control countermeasures in China

作　　者：张鸽 朱晓俊 张鹏 孟诗迪 ZHANG Ge;ZHU Xiaojun;ZHANG Peng;MENG Shidi(National Center for Occupational Safety and Health,National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China,Beijing 102308,China)

机构地区：[1]国家卫生健康委职业安全卫生研究中心职业伤害研究室,北京102308

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2024年第4期468-472,共5页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：国家卫生健康委职业安全卫生研究中心重点课题(2020015)。

摘　　要：我国灵活就业人员已有2亿人,但对职业伤害风险的影响因素和防制措施缺乏系统分析。灵活就业人员职业伤害风险总体较低,但也有部分人群伤害风险较高,主要与行业风险、个人特征、职业脆弱性和雇主特点有关。个体经营者职业伤害主要影响因素是行业风险、自雇类型、体力劳动强度、工作时间弹性等;非全日制劳动者的主要影响因素是个人安全健康知识、群体效应、雇主重视程度、性别、年龄等;新就业形态劳动者的主要影响因素是交通事故、长时间工作、工作压力等。我国在灵活就业人员职业伤害防制方面已取得一些经验和成效,但也面临不少挑战。建议增强灵活就业人员职业伤害防制紧迫感、加强基础研究和安全健康促进、健全法治体系和配套政策。There are 200 million workers in diverse forms of employment in China,but there is a lack of systematic analysis on the influencing factors and prevention measures of their occupational injury risk.According to the analysis of the typical survey results of occupational injury of workers in diverse forms of employment in China,it shows that occupational injury risk of workers in diverse forms of employment is generally low but some groups are at higher risk.It is related to industry risk,personal characteristics,occupational vulnerability and employer characteristics.The influencing factors of occupational injury risk of self-employed workers are mainly the injury risk in their industry,type of self-employment,physical labor intensity and flexibility of working hours.Those of part-time workers are the personal safety and health knowledge,group effect,employer′s attention,gender and age.Those of workers in new forms of employment are mainly traffic accidents,long working hours and work pressure.China has gained some experience and achievements in the occupational injury prevention and control for workers in diverse forms of employment,but it also faces many challenges.It is suggested to strengthen the sense of urgency of occupational injury prevention and control among workers in diverse forms of employment,strengthen basic research of safety promotion and health promotion,and improve the rule of law system and supporting policies for workers in diverse forms of employment.

关 键 词：灵活就业人员 职业伤害 个体经营者 非全日制劳动者 新就业形态劳动者 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学] R135[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]