花生-棉花间作田蚜虫的发生及其对新烟碱类杀虫剂抗性水平评价  

Occurrence of aphids in peanut-cotton intercropping fields and evaluation of the resistance level to neonicotinoid insecticides

作　　者：薛超[1] 王爱玉 张芸 张建华[1] 杨媛雪 赵鸣[1] XUE Chao;WANG Aiyu;ZHANG Yun;ZHANG Jianhua;YANG Yuanxue;ZHAO Ming(Institute of Industrial Crops,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院经济作物研究所,济南250100

出　　处：《农药》2024年第5期376-381,共6页Agrochemicals

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项资金(YDZX2022077)。

摘　　要：[目的]旨在明确花生-棉花间作模式下蚜虫的发生情况,评价其对吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺和呋虫胺这4种新烟碱类农药的抗性水平,指导该种植模式下蚜虫防控的合理用药。[方法]采用目测法对山东省临清市花生-棉花间作田中花生蚜(Aphis craccivora Koch)和棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)种群进行田间调查;通过浸叶法测定花生蚜和棉蚜田间种群及室内敏感品系对4种新烟碱类杀虫剂的生物活性;通过喷雾法测定4种杀虫剂对龟纹瓢虫(Propylaea japonica Thunberg)幼虫和成虫的毒力。[结果]棉蚜的发生较花生蚜严重,棉蚜具有苗蚜期和伏蚜期2个发生高峰期,而花生蚜只有1个发生高峰期,与棉蚜的苗蚜期相近;临清花生蚜种群对吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、呋虫胺的抗性倍数依次为3.89、1.58、6.55、1.46,分别处于敏感、敏感、低抗及敏感水平,而临清棉蚜种群对吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、呋虫胺的抗性倍数依次为105.56、29.57、117.33、7.99,分别处于高抗、中抗、高抗和低抗水平;4种新烟碱类杀虫剂对龟纹瓢虫与花生蚜的选择毒力比大于1,都具有正向及以上的选择性;而吡虫啉和噻虫胺对龟纹瓢虫与棉蚜、噻虫嗪对龟纹瓢虫幼虫与棉蚜的选择毒力比小于1,都具有负向选择性,只有呋虫胺对龟纹瓢虫与棉蚜均具有正向选择性。[结论]对花生-棉花种植模式蚜虫防控,可在5月下旬适时使用呋虫胺,同时为减缓蚜虫对新烟碱类杀虫剂抗药性的升高,应轮换使用对天敌安全性较高的其他种类的杀虫剂。[Aims]This study aims to clarify the occurrence situation of aphids in peanut-cotton intercropping fields,evaluate the resistance level to 4 neonicotinoid insecticides of imidacloprid,thiamethoxam,clothianidin and dinotefuran,and guide to use insecticides rationally in this cropping pattern.[Methods]The population of Aphis craccivora Koch and Aphis gossypii Glover was assessed through visual observation in peanut-cotton intercropping fields.The resistance levels of field population and susceptible strains of A.craccivora and A.gossypii to the four neonicotinoid insecticides were determined by leaf dipping method.The toxicity of the four insecticides to larvae and adults of Propylaea japonica Thunberg was determined through spraying method.[Results]The occurrence of A.gossypii was more severe than that of A.craccivora.There were two peak periods in the occurrence of A.gossypii,the periods of seeding aphid and summer-type aphid,while there was one peak period in the occurrence of A.craccivora,which was close to the period of seedling aphid of the occurrence of A.gossypii.Field population of A.craccivora in Linqing were susceptible,susceptible,low resistant and susceptible to imidacloprid,thiamethoxam,clothianidin and dinotefuran respectively,with the resistance ratio(RR)of 3.89,1.58,6.55 and 1.46.However,the RR of A.gossypii field population in Linqing were 105.56,29.57,117.33 and 7.99 to imidacloprid,thiamethoxam,clothianidin and dinotefuran,exhibiting high level,moderate level,high level and low level of resistance,respectively.The selective toxicity ratio(STR)of the P.japonica and A.craccivora in the four insecticides was greater than 1,showing a positive selection.The STR of P.japonica and A.gossypii in imidacloprid and clothianidin and the STR of the larvae of P.japonica and A.gossypii in thiamethoxam was all less than 1.Only dinotefuran exhibited positive selectivity in P.japonica and A.gossypii.[Conclusions]Dinotefuran can be used to control aphids in peanut-cotton intercropping field during mid to late May.

关 键 词：花生-棉花间作 花生蚜 棉蚜 龟纹瓢虫 新烟碱类杀虫剂 抗药性 选择毒力比 

分 类 号：S482.3[农业科学—农药学]