广州市某飞机维修库化学毒物及应急救援现状分析  

Analysis on current situation of chemical poisons and emergency rescue in an aircraft maintenance warehouse in Guangzhou City

作　　者：范小猛 徐绍雄 冯玉超 张海[1] 周丽屏[1] 王致[1] FAN Xiaomeng;XU Shaoxiong;FENG Yuchao;ZHANG Hai;ZHOU Liping;WANG Zhi(Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health,Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital,Guangzhou Guangdong,510620,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市第十二人民医院职业环境与健康重点实验室,广东广州510620

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第6期721-726,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：广州市卫生健康科技重大项目(2021A031003);广州市医学重点学科建设项目(2021—2023年);广州市科学技术局重点研发计划项目(202206010061);广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(A2021318)。

摘　　要：目的了解广州市某飞机维修库化学毒物现状与应急救援设施状况,提出改进建议,有效预防职业危害事故发生。方法 2022年9月在企业正常生产阶段,采用职业卫生调查、职业卫生检测、现场实验法等方法对广州市某飞机维修库化学毒物现状与应急救援设施现状进行调查。结果该飞机维修库各生产车间甲苯浓度为<0.16~1.20 mg/m^(3),二甲苯浓度为0.26~1.20 mg/m^(3),乙苯为0.09~1.60 mg/m^(3),异丙醇浓度为<0.13~18.00 mg/m^(3),其余化学毒物浓度检测结果均低于10%职业接触限值(occupational exposure limits,OELs)。可能导致职业病危害的有害因素包括化学刺激性物质、硫酸、磷酸、氢氧化钾、硫化氢、氨。可能发生的职业危害事故有眼部与皮肤刺激、化学性皮肤灼伤、化学性眼部灼伤、急性硫化氢中毒、急性氨气中毒。结论广州市某飞机维修库化学毒物及应急救援现状不容乐观,针对可能发生的职业危害事故,企业应继续完善与维护应急救援设施,加强应急演练,提升应急管理能力,有效地避免员工发生职业伤害。Objective To understand the current situation of chemical poisons and emergency rescue facilities in an aircraft maintenance warehouse in Guangzhou City,and put forward improvement suggestions to effectively prevent occupational hazards.Methods In September 2022,during the normal production stage of the enterprise,the current situation of chemical poisons and emergency rescue facilities in an aircraft maintenance warehouse in Guangzhou City was investigated and analyzed by occupational health investigation,occupational health testing,field experiment and other methods.Results The concentration of toluene in each production workshop of the aircraft maintenance depot was<0.16-1.20 mg/m3,the concentration of xylene was 0.26-1.20 mg/m3,the concentration of ethylbenzene was 0.09-1.60 mg/m3,and the concentration of isopropanol was<0.13-18.00 mg/m3.The detection results of the concentration of other chemical toxins were all below the 10%occupational exposure limit(OELs).Harmful factors that may lead to occupational disease hazards included chemical irritants,sulfuric acid,phosphoric acid,potassium hydroxide,hydrogen sulfide and ammonia.Possible occupational hazard accidents included eye,skin irritation,chemical skin burns,chemical eye burns,acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning,and acute ammonia poisoning.Conclusions The current situation of chemical poisons and emergency rescue in this aircraft maintenance warehouse in Guangzhou City is not optimistic.In response to possible occupational hazards and accidents,enterprises should continue to improve and maintain emergency rescue facilities,strengthen emergency drills,improve emergency management ability,and effectively prevent employees from occupational injuries.

关 键 词：飞机维修库 化学毒物 应急救援设施 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]