节水灌溉下秸秆还田形式对黑土区稻田N_(2)O排放与产量的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning on N_(2)O Emission and Yield under Water-saving Irrigation in Black Soil Paddy Field

作　　者：薛里 张忠学 齐智娟[1,2] 韩羽 徐丹[2,3] 张作合 周欣[1,2] XUE Li;ZHANG Zhongxue;QI Zhijuan;HAN Yu;XU Dan;ZHANG Zuohe;ZHOU Xin(School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;College of Arts and Sciences,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;College of Agriculture and Hydraulic Engineering,Suihua University,Suihua 152061,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]东北农业大学农业农村部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室,哈尔滨150030 [3]东北农业大学文理学院,哈尔滨150030 [4]绥化学院农业与水利工程学院,绥化152061

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第4期280-289,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52079028)。

摘　　要：为探寻不同灌溉模式下秸秆还田形式对黑土区稻田N_(2)O排放与产量的影响,于2023年进行大田试验,设置常规灌溉(F)与控制灌溉(C)两种灌溉模式,同时设置秸秆还田(S)、秸秆炭化为生物炭还田(B)、秸秆过牛腹为有机肥还田(O)3种还田形式,以及秸秆不还田(N)作为对照组,共计8个处理。分析不同灌溉模式下秸秆还田形式对稻田N_(2)O排放通量与水稻产量的影响,测定了水稻各生育期稻田土壤铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、微生物氮含量、pH值,并分析了N_(2)O排放总量和水稻产量与土壤环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:除返青期外,与秸秆不还田处理相比,秸秆还田与有机肥还田处理土壤铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、微生物氮含量均表现为增加。相同秸秆还田形式下,控制灌溉模式下各处理生育期内土壤平均铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量较常规灌溉模式高36.23%~60.82%、14.16%~19.61%。同时,秸秆还田与生物炭还田能提高稻田土壤pH值。相同灌溉模式下,与秸秆不还田处理相比较,秸秆还田与有机肥还田处理N_(2)O排放总量分别增加14.44%~24.09%、8.22%~14.44%,生物炭还田处理N_(2)O排放总量降低14.31%~23.90%。生物炭还田与有机肥还田各处理水稻产量提高3.28%~13.07%,其中控制灌溉模式下生物炭还田处理产量最高。综上所述,控制灌溉下生物炭还田可以实现节水、增产、减排的目的。In order to investigate the effect of different irrigation modes of straw return form on N_(2)O emission and yield of paddy field in black soil area,a field experiment was conducted in 2023,which was set up with two irrigation modes,conventional irrigation(F) and controlled irrigation(C),and three types of straw return forms,namely,straw return to the field(S),straw charred to biochar return to the field(B),and straw return to the field through cow's belly as organic fertilizer(O),and straw not returning(N) as a control group,with a total of eight treatments.The effects of straw return on N_(2)O emission flux and rice yield under different irrigation modes were analyzed.The contents of ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,microbial nitrogen and pH value in paddy soil at different growth stages were determined,and the relationship between N_(2)O emission,rice yield and soil environmental factors was analyzed.The results showed that except for the regreening period,the soil ammonium nitrogen content,nitrate nitrogen content and microbial nitrogen content of straw return and organic fertilizer return treatments were increased compared with that of straw non-return treatment.Under the same form of straw return,the average soil ammonium nitrogen content and nitrate nitrogen content during the fertility period of treatments under the controlled irrigation mode were 36.23%~60.82% and 14.16%~19.61% higher than those under the conventional irrigation mode.At the same time,straw return and biochar return can improve the pH value of paddy soil.Under the same irrigation mode,compared with the straw non-return treatment,the total N_(2)O emissions of straw return and organic fertilizer return treatments were increased by 14.44%~24.09% and 8.22%~14.44%,respectively,and the total N_(2)O emissions of biochar return treatment were decreased by 14.31%~23.90%.Biochar return and organic fertilizer return increased rice yield by 3.28%~13.07%,and the yield of biochar return treatment under controlled irrigation mode was the highest.In su

关 键 词：水稻产量 N_(2)O排放 黑土区稻田 灌溉模式 秸秆还田形式 

分 类 号：S511.4*1[农业科学—作物学] S365