2019—2022年昆明市无偿献血人群HIV感染状况及特征分析  

HIV infection status and characteristics of unpaid blood donors in Kunming from 2019 to 2022

作　　者：胡斌[1] 李丽[1] 高曦 王晶莹[1] 李育芬[1] 李婕[1] HU Bin;LI Li;GAO Xi;WANG Jingying;LI Yufen;LI Jie(Kunming Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kunming,Yunnan 650091,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]昆明市疾病预防控制中心,云南昆明650091 [2]解放军联勤保障部队第920医院

出　　处：《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2024年第2期175-178,共4页Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine

摘　　要：目的了解云南省昆明市无偿献血人群HIV感染状况及流行特征,为HIV防治提供参考依据。方法用HIV快速检测和ELISA初筛HIV抗体,用免疫蛋白印迹法(WB)或快速替代策略法确证,收集整理2019—2022年昆明地区无偿献血人群HIV抗体检测结果和人口学信息。统计无偿献血人群HIV初筛阳性率与确证阳性率,分析HIV感染者在性别、民族、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、传播途径等方面的特征及变化趋势。结果2019—2022年昆明地区共收集无偿献血样本688983份,HIV抗体初筛阳性433人,初筛阳性率0.0628%,确证阳性38人。2019—2022年HIV抗体筛查数分别是185182、178703、185342、139756,确证阳性率分别是18.0%、16.3%、4.8%、2.7%,确证阳性率呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.001)。确证感染者中性别、民族、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、传播途径的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论昆明地区无偿献血人群HIV确证阳性率呈下降趋势。为保障血液安全,应加强样本的筛查。Objective To understand the HIV infection status and epidemic characteristics of unpaid blood donors in Kunming area,Yunnan Province,so as to provide reference for HIV prevention and control.Methods HIV antibody screening was performed by rapid HIV test and ELISA,confirmation test was performed by west blotting(WB)or rapid replacement strategy.HIV antibody test results and demographic information of unpaid blood donors in Kunming from 2019 to 2022 were collected,the positive rate of HIV screening and positive rate of HIV confirmed among unpaid blood donors were counted,the characteristic distribution and changing trend of HIV infected people in gender,ethnicity,age,marital status,educational level and transmission route were analyzed.Results From 2019 to2022,a total of 688983 unpaid blood donation samples were collected in Kunming,433 were HIV antibody positive in screening,with a positive rate of 0.0628%,and 38 were confirmed positive.The number of HIV antibody screening in 2019—2022 was 185182,178703,185342 and 139756,and the positive rate was 18.0%,16.3%,4.8%and 2.7%,respectively.The positive rate showed a decreasing trend over time(P<0.001).There was no significant differences in gender,ethnicity,age,marital status,educational level and transmission route among confirmed infected persons(P>0.05).Conclusion The HIV positive rate of voluntary blood donors in Kunming area showed a decreasing trend.In order to ensure blood safety,the screening of samples should be strengthened.

关 键 词：人类免疫缺陷病毒 无偿献血人群 艾滋病 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学] R512.91[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]