地震衰减模型的研究进展  

Research progress of seismic attenuation models

作　　者：许静怡 王瑞贞[4] 张亚兵[5] 刘洋[1,2,3] XU JingYi;WANG RuiZhen;ZHANG YaBing;LIU Yang(National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;CNPC Key Laboratory of Geophysical Prospecting,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;Karamay Campus,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Karamay 834000,China;Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting INC.,China National Petroleum Corporation,Renqiu 062552,China;School of Resources and Geosciences,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与工程全国重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油大学(北京)CNPC物探重点实验室,北京102249 [3]中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区,克拉玛依834000 [4]中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司,任丘062552 [5]中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院,徐州221116

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2024年第2期525-541,共17页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42274147,41874144)资助。

摘　　要：由于地下介质是非完全弹性的,地震波在地下传播过程中会出现衰减现象.为了正确模拟出该现象,国内外学者提出了许多切实可行的方法.本文通过调研大量的国内外相关文献,对描述衰减的模型进行了归纳总结,将其划分为两个主要类别:基于标准线性固体的近似常Q模型和分数阶常Q模型,并阐述了这两类模型进行波动方程正演模拟的基本原理、发展现状及优缺点,以及高时间精度和空间精度数值模拟技术的进展.在衰减模型中,分数阶常Q模型可以准确高效地描述某些频带内的地震波吸收衰减效应,并且能够解耦地震波传播过程中的振幅衰减和相位畸变.因此,本文对分数阶常Q模型进行了重点介绍,并基于此进行各向同性介质黏弹性波方程正演模拟,模拟冻土层中的地震波传播并分析冻土层对地震记录的影响.最后,对分数阶黏弹性波方程进行总结与展望.As the underground medium is not completely elastic,seismic waves will experience attenuation during propagation.To accurately simulate this phenomenon,many feasible methods have been proposed by scholars at home and abroad.Through extensive research of domestic and foreign literatures,this paper summarizes and categorizes attenuation models into two main categories:approximate constant Q models based on standard linear solids models and fractional order constant Q models.It also elaborates on the basic principles,current developments,advantages,and disadvantages of these two models for wave equation forward modeling,as well as the progress of high-precision time and space numerical simulation techniques.Among these attenuation models,the fractional order constant Q model can accurately and efficiently describe the absorption and attenuation effects of seismic waves in certain frequency bands,and can decouple the amplitude attenuation and phase distortion during the propagation of seismic waves.Therefore,this paper focuses on the introduction of the fractional-order constant-Q model,and based on this,conducts forward simulation of isotropic viscoelastic wave equation in homogeneous media.It also simulates the propagation of seismic waves in frozen soil layers and analyzes the influence of frozen soil layers on seismic records.Finally,a summary and outlook are provided for the fractional-order viscoelastic wave equation.

关 键 词：黏性介质 标准线性固体模型 分数阶常Q模型 高精度数值模拟 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]