建筑行业聚氨酯灌浆防水材料导致职业性急性1,2-二氯乙烷中毒事件调查  

Investigation on polyurethane grouting waterproof material-induced occupational acute 1,2-dichloroethane poisoning in the construction industry

作　　者：刘俊玲[1] 李汉锋[1] 李可[1] 管鲲 尹强兵[2] 郭翔 郭尧平 LIU Junling;LI Hanfeng;LI Ke;GUAN Kun;YIN Qiangbing;GUO Xiang;GUO Yaoping(Shenzhen Futian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518040,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]深圳市福田区疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518040 [2]深圳市罗湖区疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518002 [3]深圳市职业病防治院,广东深圳518001 [4]广州市职业病防治院,广东广州510620

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2024年第1期116-120,共5页China Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析1起建筑行业因使用聚氨酯灌浆材料进行防水堵漏作业导致职业性急性1,2-二氯乙烷(1,2-DCE)中毒事故的原因。方法结合患者临床症状,采用现场职业卫生学调查和工作场所职业病危害因素监测相结合的方法,对某建筑工地因使用聚氨酯灌浆材料进行防水堵漏作业导致发生1例职业性急性1,2-DCE中毒事故进行原因分析。结果患者从事防水注浆工作中使用聚氨酯灌浆材料。原材料中挥发性有机组分主要为1,2-DCE,并含有二氯甲烷和乙酸甲酯等;事后现场调查,工作场所空气中1,2-DCE的短时间接触浓度为578.70 mg/m^(3),超过国家职业卫生标准限值30余倍;患者血中1,2-DCE质量浓度为230μg/L。结合患者的职业病危害接触史、临床表现、现场职业卫生调查和实验室检测结果,根据GBZ 39—2016《职业性急性1,2-二氯乙烷中毒的诊断》,判定本次事件为1起因使用劣质聚氨酯灌浆材料引起的职业性急性1,2-DCE重度中毒事件。结论工作场所空气中1,2-DCE质量浓度超标,是造成本起中毒事故发生的主要原因。存在有限空间作业环境的建筑工地,应完善各项职业卫生管理制度和职业卫生工程防护设施,必须为劳动者配备个体防护装备。Objective To analyze the causes of occupational acute 1,2-dichloroethane(1,2-DCE)poisoning accident during the use of polyurethane grouting materials for waterproof plugging operation in the construction industry.Methods By combining the clinical symptoms of the patient,worksite survey of occupational health and workplace occupational hazards monitoring method,the cause of an occupational acute 1,2-DCE poisoning accident was investigated at a construction site during the use of polyurethane grouting material for waterproofing and plugging operations.Results The patient was engaged in waterproof grouting work using polyurethane grouting material.The main volatile organic components in the raw materials were 1,2-DCE,with traces of dichloromethane,methyl acetate and others.The result of post-incident on-site investigation showed that the short-term exposure concentration of 1,2-DCE in the workplace air was 578.70 mg/m^(3),which was more than 30 times higher than the national occupational health standard limit.The mass concentration of 1,2-DCE in the patient's blood was 230μg/L.Combined with the patient's occupational hazard exposure history,clinical manifestations,worksite survey of occupational health,and laboratory test results,according to GBZ 39-2016 Diagnosis of Occupational Acute 1,2-Dichloroethane Poisoning,this incident was diagnosed as a severe occupational acute 1,2-DCE poisoning event caused by the use of inferior polyurethane grouting material.Conclusion The excessive concentration of 1,2-DCE in the workplace air is the main cause of this poisoning accident.Construction sites with confined space operations should improve various occupational health management systems,occupational health engineering protective facilities,and personal protective equipment must be provided for workers.

关 键 词：1 2-二氯乙烷 聚氨酯 防水材料 职业中毒 急性中毒 事故调查 建筑行业 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]