黄河下游花园口以上河段滞沙能力分析  

Analysis on sediment detention capacity in the reach upstream of Huanyuankou of the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：申冠卿[1] 王平[1] 张武欣 SHEN Guan-qing;WANG Ping;ZHANG Wu-xin(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Gongyi Yellow RiverBureau,Gongyi 451200,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]巩义黄河河务局,河南巩义451200

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2024年第2期48-55,47,共9页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金黄河水科学研究联合基金项目(U2243218)。

摘　　要：黄河下游河床调整主要取决于来水来沙和河床边界条件,河床调整沿程不均衡特征明显,花园口以上河段床演变对水沙条件的变化响应尤为突出,泥沙冲淤调整幅度最大。基于河道冲淤及水沙演进特性、滞沙可行性、河槽几何特性等分析,提出了花园口以上河段可作为泥沙天然反调节“库”概念,结合黄河下游实测洪水资料,采用水力计算方法,计算了花园口以上河段的河槽排洪能力及不同河槽规模条件下河槽允许滞沙量,提出了反调“库”滞沙能力,可为小浪底水库排沙指标的确定提供依据,对维持小浪底水库有效库容、弥补后续清水河床沙源不足、改善黄河下游河槽冲淤不均衡现象具有重要意义。Riverbed adjustment is mainly depended on incoming water and sediment,and the riverbed boundaries.However,the adjustment is highly unbalanced along all the way of the Lower Yellow River(LYR),the evolution of riverbed above Huayuankou(HYK)has a particularly prominent response to changes in water and sediment conditions,with the largest adjustment in sediment erosion and deposition.Based on the analysis on the fluvial processes,flow and sediment propagation,possibility of sediment detention and river channel geometrical characteristics,a concept of using the reach upstream of HYK as a natural'reservoir'for sediment re-regulation is proposed.Using measured flood data,the flood conveyance ability and allowable sediment retention in river channels under the requirements of varied flood discharge capacities are calculated,the'reservoir'ability for re-regulating incoming sediment of the LYR is evaluated.This research can be used to determine the indices of sediment discharging from Xiaolangdi(XLD)reservoir.It is of great significance for maintaining the effective storage capacity of XLD reservoir,supplementing the sediment supply from riverbed during the subsequent stage of clear water erosion,and improving the unbalanced adjustment of erosion-deposition in the LYR.

关 键 词：不均衡调整 河槽动态库容 滞沙能力 泥沙反调节库 水沙调控 黄河下游 

分 类 号：TV143.4[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]