草地贪夜蛾与东方黏虫的耐寒性及其在长江中下游地区越冬情况比较  

Comparison of cold tolerance and overwintering ability of Spodoptera frugiperda and Mythimna separata in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China

作　　者：常向前[1] 吕亮[1] 杨小林[1] 王佐乾 张舒[1] Chang Xiangqian;Lyu Liang;Yang Xiaolin;Wang Zuoqian;Zhang Shu(Hubei Key Laboratory for Crop Diseases&Insect Pests&Weeds Control,Key Laboratory of Central China Integrated Pests Management on Crops of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs,Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan Hubei 430064,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所/农业农村部华中作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/农作物重大病虫草害防控湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430064

出　　处：《中国植保导刊》2024年第4期5-9,共5页China Plant Protection

基　　金：湖北省农科院青年基金项目(2021ZTSQJ08);湖北省农业科技创新行动项目(NYKJ2019011)。

摘　　要：草地贪夜蛾和东方黏虫均为我国农业重大害虫,两者具有相似的寄主和生态位,存在种间竞争。通过室内低温模拟试验、冬季室外笼罩试验及田间调查,比较了草地贪夜蛾与东方黏虫的耐寒性,以及两者在长江中下游地区越冬情况的差异。研究发现:东方黏虫幼虫在7℃的平均存活时间是草地贪夜蛾的5.7~5.8倍,在0℃是草地贪夜蛾的4.2~7.2倍。在7℃,草地贪夜蛾的蛹在28 d内全部死亡,东方黏虫的蛹存活可超过28 d;在0℃,草地贪夜蛾的蛹最多存活14 d,东方黏虫的蛹存活可超过14 d。冬季在武汉室外笼罩3个月后,发现有存活的东方黏虫幼虫,未发现存活的草地贪夜蛾。在长江中下游的几个典型区域均发现了田间越冬存活的东方黏虫幼虫、蛹或成虫,而未发现活体草地贪夜蛾。上述结果表明,东方黏虫比草地贪夜蛾更耐寒,在长江中下游地区可以越冬,草地贪夜蛾在该区域无法越冬,这导致翌年春季作物上东方黏虫可能早于草地贪夜蛾出现,使其在种间竞争的初期占据优势。该结论为研究入侵物种(草地贪夜蛾)与本地物种(东方黏虫)的种间竞争提供了依据。Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive species in China,while Mythimna separata is a native pest,both of them have similar hosts and ecological niches.The differences in cold tolerance between S.frugiperda and M.separata were compared through the indoor cold tolerance test,outdoor overwintering simulation,and field survey in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China.These findings provide data support for studying the population competition between invasive and native species.The results showed that the average survival time of M.separata larvae was 4.2-7.2times longer than that of S.frugiperda at 0℃,and 5.7-5.8 times longer at 7℃.At 0℃,the pupae of S.frugiperda could survive for up to 14 days,and those of M.separata for up to 21 days.At 7℃,the pupae of S.frugiperda could survive for up to 28 days,while M.separata pupae could survive for more than 28 days.Surviving M.separata larvae were found in Wuhan in winter after three months of outdoor caging,and no surviving larvae,pupae,or adults of S.frugiperda were found.During field surveys in several typical areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,overwintering larvae,pupae,or adults of M.separata were found,while no living S.frugiperda were found in the field.The results of simulation tests and field surveys indicated that M.separata could overwinter in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,while S.frugiperda could not,leading to the possibility that M.separata may emerge earlier than S.frugiperda on the following spring's crops,giving it an advantage in the early stage of competition between the two species.

关 键 词：草地贪夜蛾 东方黏虫 耐寒性 越冬 长江中下游地区 种间竞争 

分 类 号：S433.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]