火灾烟气流动对半开竖井连廊疏散效率影响的模拟研究  

Simulation study of the effect of fire smoke flow on the evacuation efficiency of the corridor in semi-open shaft

作　　者：杨溢 韦芊竹 周白霞 李燕 YANG Yi;WEI Qianzhu;ZHOU Baixia;LI Yan(Faculty of Public Safety and Emergency Management,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Yunnan Huashuo Occupational Training School for Fire Safety,Kunming 650000,China;Yunnan National Defense Engineering Technology Center,Kunming 650000,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学公共安全与应急管理学院,昆明650093 [2]云南华铄消防安全职业培训学校,昆明650000 [3]云南省国防工程技术中心,昆明650000

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2024年第5期1947-1954,共8页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：云南省重点研发计划项目(202003AC100002)。

摘　　要：为了探究在外廊与半开竖井结构设计耦合情况下火灾烟气流动对疏散安全性的影响,采用Revit与PyroSim软件建立仿真模型并模拟两类火灾场景下不同火源功率、天井结构因子及楼梯间开口变化下的烟气流动过程,分析连廊与室内受潜在火灾烟雾传播危害的情况。结果表明:(1)竖井火灾连廊疏散安全性可维持时间主要受烟气减光性影响,随着扩散高度的升高,烟气温度下降较快,烟气温度对连廊安全基本不产生影响,上部楼层安全性受烟气影响最大,建议高层天井处加装固定式防火窗取代自动闭合式防火窗;(2)室内火灾烟气从前室扩散导致着火层上层的连廊安全性可维持时间小于室内逃生可用安全疏散时间,日常保证防火门与防火窗正常关闭,住户逃生时关闭户门至关重要。研究为消防安全管理及改造设计提供了理论依据。To explore the impact of fire smoke flow on evacuation safety under the coupling of the exterior corridor and semi-open shaft structure design,Revit software was used to establish one-to-one high-rise residential simulation models,and PyroSim software was used to simulate the smoke flow process of different fire source power,patio structure factor,and stairwell opening changes under two types of fire scenarios.PyroSim software mainly uses large eddy simulations to solve the flue gas flow process.In this paper,the actual combustion model was established by calculation and assumption for analyzing the potential smoke propagation hazards of connecting corridors and indoors.Besides,the applicability of the simulation results was verified by the simplified model and different working conditions.Finally,the flow velocity,temperature,CO concentration,and visibility of flue gas were analyzed.The results show that:(1)The upper corridor of patio fire is mainly affected by the horizontal diffusion of smoke,and the more pronounced the horizontal diffusion,the lower the safety maintenance time.The safety maintenance time of patio fire corridor evacuation is most affected by the dimming properties of the smoke,and the smoke temperature does not affect it.Because the safety of the upper floor corridor is most involved,installing fixed fire windows instead of automatic closed fire windows in the high-rise patio is recommended.If we want to analyze the change in flue gas concentration,we also need to consider the influence of the shape of the patio.(2)The safety maintenance time of the corridor on the upper floor of the fire floor due to the smoke diffusion of indoor fire is less than the safe evacuation time available for indoor escape.It is important to ensure that the fire door and fire window are closed daily,and it is very important to close the door when the occupants escape.The research provides a favorable theoretical basis for fire safety management and renovation design.

关 键 词：公共安全 数值模拟 高层住宅 烟气蔓延 外廊 竖井 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]