米曲霉菌和枯草芽孢杆菌混合菌剂对致病性微生物的影响  

Study on the Effect of Mixed fermentation agents of Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus subtilis on Pathogenic Microorganisms in Beef Cattle Manure

作　　者：郭亚男 杨萌萌[2] 王景松 王建东 毕敬全 梁小军 GUO Ya-nan;YANG Meng-meng;WANG Jing-song;WANG Jian-dong;BI Jing-quan;LIANG Xiao-jun(Institute of Animal Science,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia,750002,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia,750021,China;Shandong Jiuyi Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Zibo,Shandong,255020,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院动物科学研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏银川750021 [3]山东九一生物科技股份有限公司,山东淄博255020

出　　处：《动物医学进展》2024年第7期124-129,共6页Progress In Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系项目(CARS-37);宁夏回族自治区农业科技自主创新资金项目(NGSB-2021-12-05);宁夏农林科学院成果转化项目(NNKZZCGZH202202)。

摘　　要：堆肥是牛粪回收利用的一种有效方法,是实现种植与资源化的关键环节。为了探讨米曲霉菌和枯草芽孢杆菌复合微生物菌剂对肉牛粪堆肥及牛致病性原核微生物和真核微生物的影响,采用条垛式堆肥发酵工艺,以添加复合微生物菌剂发酵的肉牛粪为研究材料,堆肥持续40 d,监测堆肥过程中物料温度、pH、C/N比值、全磷、全钾、粗纤维、铵态氮、硝态氮和对肉牛具有致病性的原核微生物和真核微生物的动态变化。结果表明,接种复合微生物菌剂第7天进入高温期(>50℃),最高温度达58.1℃,高温持续9 d。堆肥结束时,pH为8.63,C/N比值降至13.6;全磷、全钾基本呈现逐渐下降趋势;铵态氮和硝态氮含量显著增高;寄生原虫卵囊含量OPG由1200降低至0;大肠埃希氏菌含量由4×10^(8)CFU/mL降低至0 CFU/mL。葡萄球菌、放线菌、克雷伯菌、变形杆菌和不动杆菌、芽孢杆菌、链球菌等原核微生物,阿米巴、隐孢子虫、艾美耳球虫、念珠菌、曲霉菌等真核微生物菌被完全杀灭或显著减少。综上所述,复合微生物菌剂不仅对肉牛粪发酵堆肥腐熟效果良好,而且可有效减少或杀灭牛粪中对牛有害的微生物。Composting is an effective method for the recycling and utilization of cattle manure,and is a key link in achieving planting and resource utilization.In order to investigate the effects of compound microbial agents of Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus subtilis on the composting of beef cattle manure and pathogenic prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms,this study adopted a strip pile composting fermentation process,using beef cattle manure fermented with compound microbial agents as the research material.The composting lasted for 40 days,and the temperature,pH,C/N,total phosphorus,total potassium,crude fiber,ammonium nitrogen of the materials during the composting process were monitored.The dynamic changes of nitrate nitrogen and prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms that are pathogenic to beef cattle were detected.The results showed that the inoculation of composite microbial agents entered a high-temperature period(>50℃)on the 7th day,with a maximum temperature of 58.1℃and a high temperature lasting for 9 days.At the end of composting,the pH was 8.63 and the C/N decreased to 13.6;The total phosphorus and total potassium showed a gradual decreasing trend;The contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen significantly increased;The OPG content of parasitic oocysts decreased from 1200 to 0;The content of Escherichia coli varies from 4×10^(8) CFU/mL to 0 CFU/mL.Staphylococcus,actinomycetes,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Proteobacteria,Acinetobacter,Bacillus,Streptococcus,and other prokaryotic microorganisms;Entamoeba,Cryptosporidium,Eimeria,Candida,Aspergillus and other eukaryotic microorganisms have been completely killed or significantly reduced.In summary,the composite microbial agent not only has a good effect on the fermentation and composting of beef manure,but also can effectively reduce or kill harmful microorganisms in beef cattle manure.

关 键 词：牛粪 米曲霉菌 枯草芽孢杆菌 堆肥 

分 类 号：S852.616[农业科学—基础兽医学] S852.66[农业科学—兽医学]