基于实时交通流的上海市机动车碳污同源排放清单  

Study on Vehicle Emission Inventory Based on Real-time Traffic Flow

作　　者：刘启贞[1] 巢渊 易敏[1] 王磊 刘登国[1] 刘娟[1] 朱洪 伏晴艳[4] Liu Qizhen;Chao Yuan;Yi Min;Wang Lei;Liu Dengguo;Liu Juan;Zhu Hong;Fu Qingyan(Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Centre;Shanghai Technology Center for Reduction of Pollution Carbon Emissions;Shanghai Urban-Rual Construction and Transportation Development Research Institute;Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences)

机构地区：[1]上海市环境监测中心 [2]上海市减污降碳管理运行技术中心 [3]上海市城乡建设和交通发展研究院 [4]上海市环境科学研究院

出　　处：《上海计量测试》2024年第2期59-62,68,共5页Shanghai Measurement and Testing

基　　金：上海市科委科技计划项目(22dz1208800);上海市科委科技计划项目(20dz1205200)。

摘　　要：为满足交通碳污减排政策多样化、差别化和精细化发展需求,扩大交通排放测算范围、提高测算准确度和时空分辨力,提出了一种基于实时交通流的高时空分辨力机动车碳污同源排放清单构建方法,综合交通模型、IVE模型和相关算法建立了覆盖上海全市的机动车碳污同源排放清单。结果显示,二氧化碳、氮氧化物周排放规律相近,呈现出明显的周末低工作日高的特征;二氧化碳分时变化规律呈现明显的双峰,而氮氧化物受重型车影响,峰值出现在夜间;由于各车型的碳污分担率不同且活动区域不同造成了上海市机动车二氧化碳和氮氧化物排放的空间分布差异明显;碳污同源排放清单中,NOx、PM、CO、VOCs、CO_(2)的月均排放量分别为5160t、440t、1.7×10^(4)t、732t和2.46×10^(6)t;排放分担率表明,NOx、PM等污染物主要来自重货车及大货车排放;CO、VOCs和CO_(2)排放来源以小客车排放占比最高。With the aim of meeting the needs of diversified,differentiated and refined development of the policies on cutting carbon and pollution emissions from transportation,expanding the scope of the transportation emission measurement,as well as improving the accuracy and spatialtemporal resolution of the measurement,we have proposed a method for constructing a emission inventory of motor vehicles with high temporal and spatial resolution based on real-time traffic flow.The results are as following:the weekly emissions of CO_(2) and NOx share similar patterns,which show that emissions on weekdays are significantly higher than those on weekends;the hourly time-variation of CO_(2) shows significant peaks,while there is no obvious peak in the hourly temporal distribution characteristics of NOx;the different sharing rate of carbon and pollutants emissions from each vehicle type and the different activity areas of various car types have caused significant differences in the spatial distribution of CO_(2) and NOx emissions in Shanghai;the emission of NOX,PM,CO,VOCs,CO_(2) is 5160 t,440 t,17000 t,732 t,2459000 t;the sharing rate of the carbon and pollutants emissions inventory shows that NOx and PM mainly come from heavy truck,while small passenger cars are the primary sources of CO,VOCs,and CO_(2).

关 键 词：交通环境保护 机动车排放清单 实时交通流 动态排放清单 大气污染治理 

分 类 号：X734.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]