月面原位水资源获取技术与发展趋势  

Research Progress of Lunar In-situ Water Production Techniques

作　　者：张鹏[1] 刘光辉 刘欣[1] 张光[1] 郑海菠 代巍 王之 牛冉 薄正 高铭[1] ZHANG Peng;LIU Guanghui;LIU Xin;ZHANG Guang;ZHENG Haibo;DAI Wei;WANG Zhi;NIU Ran;BO Zheng;GAO Ming(Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心,北京100094

出　　处：《空间科学学报》2024年第2期309-317,共9页Chinese Journal of Space Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目资助(2021YFA0717200)。

摘　　要：随着深空探测活动的持续推进,月球探测已成为开展行星际探测的重要部分.月球原位资源利用是保障载人月球探测及月面长期驻留的关键技术途径,中国已将月面原位水获取方法列为月球探测的关键技术之一.月面原位水获取方法主要分为极区水冰勘探开采和月壤氢还原制水两种技术途径.现有勘探到的水冰资源主要位于月球极区,分布不均匀,开采难度大.目前研究提出了多种不同类型的极区水冰勘探开采方法,但实际效果有待月面原位试验验证.月壤加氢还原制水技术方法工作条件不受区域限制,应用范围较广,但仍存在反应条件要求高、能耗大等技术限制,未来需在节能和有效矿物成分富集等方面有所突破.With the continuous advancement of deep space exploration,lunar exploration will be the first step for mankind to carry out interplanetary exploration and expand living territory.The lunar in-situ resource utilization will be a key technical approach to support manned exploration and long-term survival on the Moon surface.Almost all space powers are carrying out continuous research on lunar in-situ water production technology,and China has also listed lunar surface in-situ water production as one of the key technologies for lunar exploration missions.Lunar in-situ water production can be mainly di-vided into two methods:polar water ice exploration/extraction and hydrogen reduction of lunar regolith.The water ice resources that had been detected are mainly located in the lunar polar region,with un-even distribution and great difficulty in extraction method.Many different types of polar water ice ex-ploration and extraction schemes have been put forward,but the actual effect needs to be verified by sufficient verification experiments and the lunar in-situ test.Hydrogen reduction of lunar regolith can be used for in-situ water production,and its working conditions are not limited by the region,and its appli-cation scope is wide.However,there are some remaining technical limitations such as extreme reaction condition requirements and high energy consumption,which implies urgent demand to make break-throughs in energy conservation and effective ingredient enrichment.Thus,according to the develop-ment strategy deployment of lunar exploration missions and the requirements of in-situ water resource acquisition technology in the future,some suggestions are put forward on developing the key develop-ment path of in-situ water resource acquisition technology in the future.Target areas for future explo-ration missions,in-situ energy acquisition scheme,security and reliability of different technologies will be used as the main basis for different technology selection.It is hoped that this work will provide guidance for in-situ

关 键 词：月球探测 原位水获取 水冰提取 月壤氢还原 

分 类 号：P184[天文地球—天文学]