不同植物精油对淡色库蚊生物活性的筛选及成分分析  

Bioactivity screening and component analysis of highly active plant essential oil against Culex pipiens pallens

作　　者：类晶晶 李亚平 娄紫微 臧传慧 程鹏[1] 公茂庆[1] 刘丽娟[1] LEI Jingjing;LI Yaping;LOU Ziwei;ZANG Chuanhui;CHENG Peng;GONG Maoqing;LIU Lijuan(Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Shandong First Medical University(Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences),Jining 272033,Shandong Province,China;Agricultural Bureau of Jinxiang County)

机构地区：[1]山东省寄生虫病防治研究所,山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院),山东济宁272033 [2]山东省金乡县农业局

出　　处：《热带病与寄生虫学》2024年第2期97-101,共5页Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81902096、81871685);山东省医学科学院医药卫生科技创新工程项目。

摘　　要：目的筛选对淡色库蚊幼虫和成蚊均有较高生物活性的植物精油,获得对淡色库蚊有生物活性的精油成分。方法采用药液浸养法测定19种植物精油对淡色库蚊幼虫的毒杀活性;选取幼虫毒杀活性实验中24 h死亡率超过50.00%的精油,采用密闭三角瓶熏蒸法测定其对雌性成蚊的熏蒸活性;选择对幼虫和成蚊均有较高活性的精油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术(chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)分析其成分。结果大葱与马樱丹精油对淡色库蚊Ⅲ龄幼虫活性较好,在80μg/mL浓度下,蚊幼虫24 h平均死亡率高达100.00%;香附、檀香、肉桂和雪松精油活性次之,蚊幼虫24 h死亡率分别为91.67%、91.67%、88.33%、83.33%。选择上述6种精油开展成蚊熏蒸实验,结果大葱、雪松和香附精油的熏蒸活性较好,击倒中时(median knockdown time,KT50)值分别为5.31、8.60和9.49 min。选择对幼虫和成蚊均有较高活性的大葱、香附和雪松精油进行GC-MS成分分析,结果显示,大葱、香附和雪松精油中分别鉴定出32、62和48种成分,涉及烃类、醇、醛、胺、酮、酸、酚、酯等多种化合物。结论大葱、雪松和香附精油对淡色库蚊幼虫和成蚊均有较强的生物活性,在媒介蚊虫的防治中有潜在的应用价值。Objective To screen a plant essential oil with high biological activity against both larvae and adults of Culex pipiens pallens to obtain essential oil component with biological activity against Cx.pipiens pallens.Methods The insecticidal activity of 19 kinds of plant essential oil against Cx.pipiens pallens larvae was determined by liquid culture method,the fumigation activity to female adult mosquitoes of essential oil with 24-hour mortality over 50.00%in larval toxicity test was determined by closed triangular flask fumigation method.Then the essential oil with high activity against both larva and adult mosquitoes was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Results The essential oil extracted from Allium fistulosum and Lantana camara had good activity against the third instar larvae of Cx.pipiens pallens.At the test concentration of 80μg/mL,the mortality rate of mosquito larvae within 24 h reached as high as 100.00%.The activity of Cyperus rotundus,Santalum album,Cinnamomum cassia and Cedrus deodara essential oil ranked the second on the candidate list,leading to the 24 h mortality rates of mosquito larvae being 91.67%,91.67%,88.33%and 83.33%,respectively.Fumigation test for the mosquitos using the 6 essential candidates described above revealed that the fumigation activity of A.fistulosum,Ce.deodara and Cy.rotundus was better,with median knockdown time(KT50)values being 5.31 min,8.60 min and 9.49 min,respectively.GC-MS analysis was conducted on the components of A.fistulosum,Ce.deodara and Cy.rotundus,which had high activity against larvae and adult mosquitoes.The results showed that 32,62 and 48 components were identified in A.fistulosum,Cy.rotundus and Ce.deodara essential oil,respectively.The extracted essential oil components were composed of hydrocarbons,alcohols,aldehydes,amines,ketones,acids,phenols,ester and other compounds.Conclusion The essential oil of Allium fistulosum,Cy.rotundus and Ce.deodara is potential value in control of vector mosquitoes,because it possesses high toxic act

关 键 词：植物精油 淡色库蚊 毒杀活性 熏蒸活性 成分分析 

分 类 号：R384.1[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]