人工智能体道德责任归责问题探析  

Exploring the Problem of Attribution of MoralResponsibility for Artificial Intelligence Agents

作　　者：赵子明 ZHAO Ziming

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期98-114,共17页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国乡村道德的实证研究与地图平台建设”(项目编号:21&DZ058)。

摘　　要：我们正在逐渐进入人工智能时代,随着人工智能的广泛应用,其道德责任归责问题逐渐凸显,产生了责任鸿沟,其根本原因在于人工智能体相较于人类或一般机器拥有独特的道德地位。人工智能体道德责任归责是回溯性与前瞻性结合,目的是预防人工智能体运用中可能的负面效果。通过单一主体进行道德责任归责会产生困境,因此人机联合归责是解决问题的基本路向,即人工智能体作为虚拟责任主体,与作为完全道德主体的人类组成联合体,在人机联合归责中,以“虚拟”方式担责,实质是在某种程度上对人的谴责与惩罚的减免与推迟。这并不意味着人类逃避了道德责任,而只是承担道德责任的方式有所改变,是为了真正凸显人的道德主体地位,厘清人类应负的道德责任,使人工智能更好为人的自由而全面发展服务。We are gradually entering the era of artificial intelligence,and with the wide application of artificial intelligence,the problem of its moral responsibility attribution has gradually come to the fore,generating a responsibility gap.The fundamental reason is that artificial intelligence agents has a unique moral status compared with human beings or general machines.The attribution of moral responsibility for artificial intelligence agents is a combination of retrospective and forward-looking approaches,aimed at preventing potential negative effects in the use of artificial intelligence agents.Moral responsibility imputation through a single subject will create a dilemma,and thus the consortium of human and artificial intelligence agents may be a feasible path:artificial intelligence agents,as virtual responsible entities,form a consortium with humans as fully moral subjects to assume responsibility in a“virtual”manner in human-machine joint accountability.Essentially,this is to some extent a reduction or postponement of human condemnation and punishment.This does not mean that humans have evaded moral responsibility,but rather that the way they bear moral responsibility has changed.It is to truly highlight the moral subject status of humans,clarify the moral responsibility that humans should bear,and make artificial intelligence better serve the freedom and comprehensive development of humans.

关 键 词：人工智能体 道德责任 责任鸿沟 责任归因 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程] B82-057[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]