二十世纪五六十年代黄河下游引黄灌溉失序原因重探——以人民胜利渠为中心  

Reexploration on the Causes of Disordered Irrigation in the Lower Reaches of the Yellow Rirer in the 1950s and 1960s:Taking the People’s Victory Canal as the Center

作　　者：袁坤 Yuan Kun

机构地区：[1]苏州城市学院马克思主义学院

出　　处：《广东党史与文献研究》2024年第2期67-77,共11页

摘　　要：新中国成立后,以兴建人民胜利渠为标志拉开了黄河下游引黄灌溉的序幕。“引黄灌溉”作为一种利用黄河水资源,抵御干旱、保障农业生产的重要方式,在1949年后的黄河水资源开发利用史上具有代表性。二十世纪五六十年代,黄河下游引黄灌溉陷入“失序”状态,具体表现为:引黄工程蜂拥上马和灌区用水“大引大灌”,最终导致了严重的内涝和次生盐碱化问题。黄河下游引黄灌溉不得不按下“暂停键”。究其缘由,与完成粮棉高产指标和缺乏有效监管不无关系,根本上则暴露了黄河水权制度建设的缺陷,为开发利用黄河水资源敲响了警钟。随着黄河下游引黄工程的复灌,水权和黄河水资源管理也逐渐确立和规范起来。回顾这段历史,既是对新中国治水兴水艰辛历程的再回顾,也有助于我们理解当前黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展战略所要求的水资源集约节约利用的历史必然性。After the founding of New China,with the construction of the People’s Victory Canal as a symbol,the lower Yellow River irrigation began.As an important way to utilize Yellow River water resources,resist drought and guarantee agricultural production,“Yellow River irrigation”is representative in the history of Yellow River water resources development and utilization after 1949.In the 1950s and 1960s,Yellow River diversion irrigation in the lower reaches fell into a state of“disorder”,which was embodied in the following:the Yellow River diversion project rushed to the horse and the irrigation area,which eventually led to serious waterlogging and secondary salinization problems.The lower Yellow River diversion irrigation had to be pressed the“pause button”.The reason is related to the completion of grain and cotton high yield index and the lack of eff ective supervision,and fundamentally exposes the defects of the construction of the Yellow River water rights system,and sounds the alarm for the development and utilization of the Yellow River water resources.With the re-irrigation of the Yellow River diversion project in the lower reaches,water rights and water resources management of the Yellow River have been gradually established and standardized.Reviewing this history is not only a review of the arduous process of water control and prosperity in New China,but also helps us understand the historical inevitability of the current ecological protection and highquality development strategy in the Yellow River Basin requiring intensive and economical use of water resources.

关 键 词：引黄灌溉 人民胜利渠 水权 黄河下游 

分 类 号：D232[政治法律—政治学]