秦简所见秦军制思想的研究——以《睡虎地秦墓竹简》和《里耶秦简》为例  

Research on the Military System Thought of Qin Jian

作　　者：李令 付云 Li Ling;Fu Yun

机构地区：[1]重庆幼儿师范高等专科学校初等教育学院,重庆万州404100

出　　处：《高原文化研究》2024年第1期58-67,共10页Plateau Culture Research

摘　　要：春秋战国时期的军事历来是热门研究课题,其中《商君书》对秦的军制思想研究意义重大。文章通过从“战”“农”“法”“壹”“一”几个维度,对《商君书》的内容进行统计和逐层剖析,不难看出秦的治国思想,即以战争为中心,农业和法令为基本点。由此可以推断出秦“壹”的军制思想,其具体体现在讲求统一、追求效率、执行彻底三个方面。《商君书》为秦军制思想提供了可知视角,而《睡虎地秦墓竹简》和《里耶秦简》为秦军制思想提供了有力证据。秦高度统一的军制思想在《睡虎地秦墓竹简》和《里耶秦简》中得到了充分的体现。可以说,《商君书》是秦军制思想形成的体现,《睡虎地秦墓竹简》是秦军制思想发展期的体现,《里耶秦简》是秦军制思想高潮期的集中体现。它们为秦军制思想的研究提供了多维视角。秦高度集中的军制思想源于春秋战国时期的社会现实,对秦的强大并最终完成统一有应时之功效,结束了战乱频仍的混乱时局,有利于社会和平与安宁;但历史并非一成不变,秦在完成统一后没能及时调整这一思想,最后反而钳制了秦的发展,导致秦的速亡。The military in the Spring-autumn Warring period has been the focus of research.The Book of Lord Shang is of great significance to the study of Qin's military thoughts.Through analysis of the content of it from the dimensions of"war","agriculture","law"and"unity",it is not dificult to see Qin's governance philosophy of"one center,two basic points",which is putting war in the center place and agriculture and laws in the basic points.It can be inferred that the military system ideology of Qin is"unity",which was specifically reflected in three aspects:emphasizing unity,pursuing eficiency,and thorough implementation.The Book of Lord Shang provides a clear perspective on the Qin military system ideology,while The Bamboo Slips from the Qin Tomb in Sleeping Tiger Land and the Qin Slips from Liye have a full reflection of the Qin military system.The three materials reflect the formation period,the development period and the peak period of Qin's military system ideology respectively and provide a multidimensional perspective for the study of Qin's military system ideology.Rooted in the social reality of the Spring-autumn Warring period,the ideology has a timely effect on enforcing the power of Qin,ending the chaotic situation of society,ultimately unifying the other six states and promoting social peace and tranquility.But history is not static,and Qin was unable to adjust this ideology timely after unification.In the end,it actually restrained the development of Qin Dynasty,and has an inescapable responsibility for the fall of Qin.

关 键 词：军制思想 睡虎地秦墓竹简 里耶秦简 集权 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学]