不同粒径黑火药点火过程中与纤维素壳体材料的热相互作用  

Thermal Interaction Mechanisms of Black Powders with Different Particle Sizes and Cellulose as Packing Material during Ignition

作　　者：李玉雪 田小涛 马伊凡 刘佩进[1] 严启龙 LI Yuxue;TIAN Xiaotao;MA Yifan;LIU Peijin;YAN Qilong(National Key Laboratory of Solid Propulsion,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi an 710072,Shaanxi,China;Xi an Modern Control Technology Research Institute,Xi an 710065,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学固体推进全国重点实验室,陕西西安710072 [2]西安现代控制技术研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《兵工学报》2024年第5期1582-1592,共11页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021ZDLGY11);国家自然科学基金项目(51776176)。

摘　　要：为了研究点火装置中纤维素外壳对不同粒径黑火药固相反应放热特性、反应气相产物、点火燃烧特性等方面的影响,制备系列黑火药/纤维素复合物样品,并采用扫描电子显微镜表征其微观结构和形貌。通过同步热分析仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪联用,研究纤维素对黑火药热反应性能的影响。用氧弹量热仪测量各样品的爆热,利用综合燃烧诊断系统(高速相机和高速红外热像仪)获得黑火药及其纤维素复合物燃速与火焰温度分布。研究结果表明:纤维素会降低黑火药放热量,当纤维素含量为33.33%时,两种黑火药的总放热量分别降低了66.4%和58.5%;纤维素并未改变黑火药热解路径;黑火药的主要气相产物分别为H_(2)O、CO_(2)和NO_(2),与纤维素复合后除浓度变化外,气相产物种类保持不变;纤维素仅影响黑火药能量释放过程,但对不同粒径黑火药的能量释放影响的差别较小,与纤维素复合后能量释放变化仅相差3.1%。实验研究发现,小粒径黑火药及其纤维素复合物燃烧更剧烈,火焰面积更大、燃温更高;纤维素对黑火药的燃烧起消极作用,主要是降低黑火药的燃速和火焰辐射强度,火焰温度分别降低273.7℃和299.4℃;黑火药及其纤维素复合物的凝聚相产物形貌表明纤维素一定程度上促进了黑火药凝相产物团聚,即纤维素会降低其燃烧效率。In order to study the effect of cellulose shell on the thermal behaviors,including pyrolysis gaseous products,ignition and combustion characteristics of black powder with different particle sizes,a series of black powder/cellulose composite samples are prepared.Various characterization techniques,including scanning electron microscopy(SEM),simultaneous thermal analysis(DSC-TG-FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),bomb calorimetry,and home-made combustion diagnostic system,are used to investigate the prepared composites and their combustion condensed products(CCPs).The results show that the overall heat releases of two black powders are decreased by 66.4%and 58.5%with the cellulose content of 33.3%,respectively.Moreover,the gas phase product analysis shows that the cellulose does not change the pyrolysis pathways of black powder,of which gas-phase products mainly include H_(2)O,CO_(2)and NO_(2).The cellulose only affects the energy release process of black powder,but has little effect on the energy release of black powder with different particle sizes,the difference between the energy release changes of these two composites is only 3.1%.It is found that the black powder with smaller particle size and its cellulose composite burns more violently,with larger flame area and higher combustion temperature.However,the cellulose has a negative effect on the combustion performance of black powder,mainly reducing the burning rate and flame radiation intensity of black powder,and decreasing the flame temperature by 273.7℃and 299.4℃.In addition,the cellulose promotes the agglomeration of condensed phase products of black powder and reduces its combustion efficiency.

关 键 词：黑火药 热相互作用 分解产物 燃速 火焰结构 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] V512[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]