奎屯河流域地下水水化学特征及成因分析  

Chemical characteristics and genetic analysis of groundwater in Kuitun River Basin

作　　者：江宇威 李巧[1,2] 陶洪飞 马合木江·艾合买提[1,2] JIANG Yuwei;LI Qiao;TAO Hongfei;MAHEMUJIANG Aihemaiti(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052 China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy Engineering Safety and Water Disaster Prevention,Urumq 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第5期66-74,共9页Yangtze River

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(2022D01B86);国家自然科学基金项目(41762018);新疆维吾尔自治区高校基本科研业务费科研项目(XJEDU2022J008);新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室研究项目(ZDSYS-YJS-2022-20)。

摘　　要：了解地下水水化学特征及其成因,有助于评估地下水水质、识别污染源、制定水资源管理策略,保障人类健康和环境。基于2017年和2023年在新疆奎屯河流域相同点位采集的共78组地下水水样,采用Piper三线图、Gibbs图、饱和指数(SI)和离子比值法分析该区域地下水特征及成因。结果表明:(1)奎屯河流域2023年地下水水化学特征类型相较于2017年趋于集中,阳离子和阴离子分别向Na型和Cl型转化。(2)山前洪积倾斜砾质平原和冲洪积细土平原主要受岩石风化作用控制,冲湖积细土平原主要受蒸发浓缩作用控制且有增强的趋势。中下游细土平原的离子组分主要来源于蒸发岩溶解且有增强的趋势,山前洪积倾斜砾质平原的离子组分主要源于碳酸盐和硅酸盐矿物溶解。下游冲湖积细土平原受阳离子交替吸附作用较强,导致Na~+浓度上升。奎屯河流域地下水离子在冲洪积细土平原北部和冲湖积细土平原出现富集,部分指标已超过中国饮用水标准,且已有10%的水样不适合灌溉。研究成果可为奎屯河流域地下水合理利用以及防治提供参考。The analysis of groundwater chemical characteristics and their origins is essential for evaluating groundwater quality,identifying pollution sources,developing water resource management strategies,and safeguarding human health and the environment.Based on a total of 78 groundwater samples collected at the same sites in the Kuitun River Basin in 2017 and 2023,the characteristics and causes of groundwater in this area were analyzed by Piper trilinear diagram,Gibbs diagram,saturation index(SI)method and ion ratio method.The findings indicated that:①There was a converging trend in the types of groundwater chemical characteristics in the Kuitun River Basin in 2023 compared to 2017,with cations transforming into Na type and anions into Cl type.②Rock weathering primarily influenced the piedmont diluvial inclined gravel plain and alluvial fine soil plain,while evaporation and concentration mainly affect the alluvial lacustrine fine soil plain with a tendency to increase.The ion components in the middle and lower reaches of the fine soil plain were predominantly derived from evaporative karst decomposition with an increasing trend,whereas those in the fore mountain diluvial inclined gravel plain originate mainly from carbonate and silicate mineral dissolution.Strong adsorption by alternating cations has led to increased Na+concentration in downstream fine soil plains.Groundwater quality in northern alluvial fine soil plains as well as those around alluvial lacustrine fine soil plain within Kuitun River basin has exceeded China′s drinking water standard,and about 10%of the water samples have surpass irrigation water standards in future.These research findings can serve as a reference for rational utilization and management of groundwater resources within Kuitun River Basin.

关 键 词：地下水 水化学特征 空间分布 成因分析 饱和指数 奎屯河流域 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P641.12[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]