基于颗粒放尺效应的逆旋开沟机刀辊功耗分析与试验  

Analysis and experiment of the power of blade roller in reverse-rotary ditching machine based on the granular scale effect

作　　者：刘敏章 谢方平[1,2] 刘大为 王修善[1,2] LIU Minzhang;XIE Fangping;LIU Dawei;WANG Xiushan(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学机电工程学院,长沙410128 [2]智能农机装备湖南省重点实验室,长沙410128

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第7期83-92,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1600300-4);湖南省旱粮产业技术体系(湘财农指(2023)66号)。

摘　　要：为探究粗粒化建模对逆旋开沟机刀辊功耗的影响,提高离散元法的计算效率,该研究以1K-50型开沟机开沟部件为对象,利用EDEM软件构建适于南方葡萄园土质环境的刀辊-土壤离散元模型,将仿真模型中的土壤颗粒分别放大2~5倍进行开沟仿真试验,对刀辊功耗、工作阻力及土壤运动状态进行分析。结果表明:在土壤颗粒直径为5 mm、刀辊转速132 r/min、前进速度0.06 m/s、开沟深度0.3 m工况下,刀辊稳定作业阶段的功耗、水平阻力及垂直阻力平均值分别为3.73 kW、923.85 N和148.30 N,仿真功耗相对实际功耗的误差为9.9%。开沟仿真过程中刀辊的功耗、工作阻力平均值及土壤运动状态随放尺比例的变化而变化,其中刀辊功耗与水平阻力平均值随放尺比例增大而减小,垂直阻力平均值随放尺比例先减小后增大再减小,且增大放尺比例使得土垡从刀片正切面的抛出时刻提前,抛出速度减小,土垡逐渐松散,壅土高度增加,但不改变正切面上各深度土层的土壤分布顺序。放尺比例为2~5时,仿真计算时间相较原尺状态减少99%,但仿真功耗相对实际功耗的误差超过32%,当放尺比例为1.2时,能够将功耗相对误差控制在11.1%,仿真时间为22.9 h,仿真数据量313.72 GB。研究结果可为农机领域离散元放尺计算及构建刀辊-土壤粗粒化模型提供一定参考。Low accessibility of large ditching equipment cannot fully meet the narrow space in grape vineyards in southern China.Manual ditching is also low effectiveness and efficiency.Fortunately,a 1K-50 orchard ditching machine has been developed in this case.Nevertheless,some challenges still remained regarding the stability of trench depth,high power consumption,and severe vibration of the machine during ditching.One of the key components in the ditching machine,the blade roller can encounter significant resistance,as the blades make direct contact with the soil during operation.This resistance has posed a strong impact on the ditching power and vibration of the machine.It is very necessary to analyze the ditching power,working resistance,and soil movement during deep cultivation with a reverse-rotary ditching machine.The discrete element method(DEM)can be expected to explore the ditching power and vibration.Compared with the theoretical calculations and agricultural machinery experiments,the interaction between the blade roller and the soil can be determined to optimize the blade roller parameters and the soil flow state from a microscopic perspective.At the same time,efficiency can also be improved to reduce research costs.However,the number of high-magnitude particles can be limited to establish the soil particle model in a 1:1 physical scale,when discrete element software runs the large-scale agricultural machinery simulations.Coarsening can be used to simplify a complex particle model into a larger-scale particle combination without considering the relatively minor physical phenomena.System details can be removed to significantly reduce the computational load.Particle size,shape,and contact properties between particles are required for the key factors to consider in the coarsening process of the model.This study aims to clarify the influence of the scale ratio on the ditching power,working resistance,and soil movement state of the machine,in order to simplify the issue while considering the key factors.Taking the

关 键 词：农业机械 离散元法 葡萄园 开沟机 颗粒放尺效应 功耗 

分 类 号：S222.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]