膜下滴灌微咸水棉花临界氮稀释曲线模型与氮肥用量推荐  

Nitrogen application rates from dilution curve model for cotton under film-mulched drip irrigation with brackish water

作　　者：韦开 邓铭江 王全九[1] 郭毅 蔺树栋 穆卫谊 陶汪海 苏李君[1] 张继红[1] WEI Kai;DENG Mingjiang;WANG Quanjiu;GUO Yi;LIN Shudong;MU Weiyi;TAO Wanghai;SU Lijun;ZHANG Jihong(Xi’an University of Technology,State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region,Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水利水电学院,西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第7期124-132,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(52339003;41830754)。

摘　　要：为了优化膜下滴灌微咸水条件下棉花生产氮素管理,该研究于2017—2019年在新疆库尔勒市开展3 a定位施氮试验。以新陆中棉花为试验材料,设置施氮水平0(NF0)、150(NF1)、250(NF2)、300(NF3)、350(NF4)、450(NF5)kg/hm^(2),各试验处理灌水量均为487.5 mm,分析施氮量对棉花地上部干物质量、氮素累积吸收量、产量和氮肥利用效率的影响,构建了膜下滴灌微咸水棉花临界氮浓度稀释曲线模型。结果表明:棉花氮素累积吸收量随生育期进程的推进而增大,棉花临界氮浓度与最大地上部干物质量符合幂函数关系。氮肥农学利用率和表观利用率均与施氮量呈二次多项式关系,氮肥生理利用率和偏生产力均与施氮量呈线性关系。NF1、NF2和NF3处理的氮素营养指数均小于1,表明氮素营养供应不足,棉花生长受到氮素限制。NF4和NF5处理的氮素营养指数接近于1,说明棉花氮素营养状况较好,但NF5产量和氮素利用效率较低,NF4获得最高产量和较高的氮素利用效率。因此,南疆膜下滴灌微咸水棉花生育期推荐施氮量为350 kg/hm^(2)。该研究构建的临界氮浓度稀释曲线模型对田间施氮管理具有重要意义。This study aims to optimize the nitrogen management for cotton production under film-mulched drip irrigation with brackish water.A three-year nitrogen application levels experiment was conducted in Korla,Xinjiang,from 2017 to 2019.Xinluzhong cotton was taken as the test material.Nitrogen application levels were set at 0(NF0),150(NF1),250(NF2),300(NF3),350(NF4),and 450(NF5)kg/hm^(2),where each treatment was received 487.5 mm of irrigation water.A systematic analysis was made to explore the effects of nitrogen application rate on the aboveground dry matter of cotton,nitrogen accumulation,yield,and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency.A new model was constructed for the critical nitrogen dilution curve under film-mulched drip irrigation with brackish water.Results indicated that the aboveground dry matter increased with the nitrogen application rate early in the growing season.While there was the trend of increasing and then decreasing later stage.Nitrogen accumulation in cotton increased,as the growing season progressed.The critical nitrogen concentration was correlated with the maximum aboveground dry matter,following a power function.Both agronomic and apparent nitrogen use efficiencies showed a quadratic polynomial relationship with the nitrogen application rate.While the linear relationship was found in the physiological nitrogen use efficiency and partial factor productivity.These efficiencies increased with the decreasing nitrogen nutrition index at different growth stages.In the critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve model,parameters a and b were 3.967 and-0.227,respectively.The model was also fitted for cotton nitrogen concentration in 2018 and 2019.There was a linear relationship with the actual nitrogen concentration,with the root mean square error and standardized root mean square error of 0.085%and 3.645%,respectively.The nitrogen nutrition index indicated that the insufficient nitrogen supply was observed in the NF1,NF2,and NF3 treatments,thus limiting cotton growth.NF4 and NF5 shared the nitroge

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 棉花 微咸水 临界氮浓度稀释曲线 氮肥利用效率 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]