绿洲农田氮磷利用与生产水平、经济和环境效益的协同效应分析  

Synergetic effects of oasis farmland nitrogen and phosphorus utilization on production,economic,and environmental benefits

作　　者：李一鸣 任一哲 吴湘琳 蒲胜海 马兴旺 楚天舒 李晓红[4] LI Yiming;REN Yizhe;WU Xianglin;PU Shenghai;MA Xingwang;CHU Tianshu;LI Xiaohong(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Research Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conversation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Northwest Oasis,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091,China;College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/农业农村部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [4]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第7期152-160,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900803);“天山英才”培养计划项目(2022TSYCLJ0050);农业农村部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室开放基金项目(XBLZ-20225);农业科技创新稳定支持项目(xjnkywdzc-2023005-6)。

摘　　要：提高养分利用效率是西北绿洲农业发展的重要议题之一。该研究以新疆生产建设兵团农业生产系统为研究对象,明晰农田土壤表观氮磷养分流动特征,计算2000—2020年农田氮磷养分盈亏量与利用效率;采用斯皮尔曼相关性分析法探究其养分利用与生产水平、经济效益和环境效益之间的协同效应。结果表明:1)新疆生产建设兵团农田氮、磷输入以化肥为主,而输出以秸秆、籽粒和氨挥发为主。农田氮、磷盈亏量相对较高,2020年分别为147.54和47.61 kg/hm^(2)。农田氮、磷利用效率相对较低,分别在34.33%~44.05%和39.25%~49.54%之间波动。2)新疆生产建设兵团农田养分利用与生产水平、经济效益和环境效益之间存在权衡效应,而生产水平和经济效益存在协同效应。新疆生产建设兵团农业机械化生产获得良好收益,但以养分损失、环境污染为代价。发达国家农田养分利用与生产水平、经济效益协同促进,不牺牲环境效益。因此,建议新疆生产建设兵团优化肥料用量与结构,推广智慧农业技术管控肥水。该研究可为地区农业养分管理与绿色发展提供参考。In 2020,the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(XPCC),as a typical representative of oasis agriculture in Northwest China,produced 2.41 million tons of grain,with a total planting area of 14.15 million hectares.Cotton,corn,and wheat accounted for 61.14%,8.25%,and 7.98%of the total planting area respectively.The systematic evaluation of nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency in regional farmland and analysis of nutrient management issues have become important topics for sustainable agricultural development.Therefore,this paper focuses on the agricultural production system in the XPCC,aiming to elucidate the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient flow in farmland and calculate the surplus and efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from 2000 to 2020.Additionally,the Spearman correlation analysis method was used to explore the synergistic relationship between nutrient management and production levels,economic benefits,and environmental benefits.A comparative country analysis was carried out.The results showed that:1)From 2000 to 2020,farmland nitrogen input and output in the XPCC both showed an initial increase followed by a stabilization trend.In 2020,farmland nitrogen input and output were 4.58×10^(8) kg and 2.49×10^(8) kg respectively.Chemical fertilizer was the main source of nitrogen input,accounting for 87.37%of total nitrogen input.Straw,grains,and ammonia volatilization were the major pathways for nitrogen output,accounting for 42.89%,24.63%,and 20.16%of total nitrogen output respectively.Farmland phosphorus input exhibited an initial increase followed by a stabilization trend,while phosphorus output showed a continuous increase trend.Farmland phosphorus input and output were 1.35×10^(8) kg and 0.68×10^(8) kg respectively.Chemical fertilizer accounted for 94.1%of total phosphorus input.Grains and straw were the primary pathways for phosphorus output,accounting for 70.43%and 28.31%of total phosphorus output respectively.The farmland nitrogen surplus showed a fluctuating

关 键 词：氮 磷 养分 利用率 新疆生产建设兵团 协同效应 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]