长期深耕秸秆还田配施生物炭对砂姜黑土团聚体及小麦-玉米产量的影响  

Effects of long-term deep tillage and straw return with biochar addition to lime concretion black soil on the aggregates and wheat-maize yield

作　　者：何家帅 李新美 魏跃鹏 郭航兆 杨康娜 孙磊康 李孝永 贾绪存 李玉霞 李荣发 王群[1,2] HE Jiashuai;LI Xinmei;WEI Yuepeng;GUO Hangzhao;YANG Kangna;SUN Leikang;LI Xiaoyong;JIA Xucun;LI Yuxia;LI Rongfa;WANG Qun(College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Henan Province Agro-ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station,Xiping 463900,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,郑州450046 [2]河南省农田生态系统野外科学观测研究站,西平463900

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第7期161-171,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家玉米产业技术体系专项(CARS-02-20);河南省农田生态系统野外科学观察研究站(30602535)。

摘　　要：为探究耕作方式、秸秆还田和生物炭添加结合对土壤团聚体粒径分布、团聚体养分特征、养分库储量及小麦-玉米周年产量的影响,该研究采用3因素2水平试验设计,分别为耕作方式:常规旋耕(CT),深翻耕作(DT);秸秆处理:秸秆还田(S)、秸秆不还田(NS);生物炭:生物炭添加(B)、无生物炭添加(NB),共8个处理。结果表明:无生物炭添加时,旋耕秸秆还田提高了0~15 cm土层团聚体稳定性及土壤养分库储量,而深耕秸秆还田改善了>15~30 cm土层土壤团粒组成,提升土壤肥力,促进作物增产。相关性分析表明,砂姜黑土中作物产量的提升更依赖于深层(>15~30 cm)土壤物理结构的改善和土壤肥力的提升。配施生物炭后如DT-S-B(深耕秸秆还田配施生物炭)较CT-NS-NB(旋耕秸秆不还田无生物炭)处理使>15~30 cm土层团聚体稳定性增强,>2 mm粒级团聚体比例、重量平均直径和几何平均直径值分别增加165.88%、62.37%和119.81%,提高了>2 mm粒级团聚体有机碳、全氮和全磷含量,提高了>2 mm粒级团聚体有机碳和养分固持能力,降低了<2 mm粒级团聚体有机碳和养分固持能力,使>15~30 cm土层土壤有机碳库储量、全氮、全磷和全钾库储量分别提升了37.41%、38.99%、41.26%和9.84%,使2a作物周年产量增加22.87%~23.03%。综上,深耕秸秆还田配施生物炭能够改善黄淮海南部砂姜黑土深层土壤团聚体粒径分布和稳定性,提升土壤肥力和作物周年产量,保障农田高效绿色可持续生产。Lime concretion black soil in the southern region of the Huang-Huai-Hai plain is known for its poor physical structure as a typical low-yield field.Although measures of deep tillage and straw return have been proved to be able to improve soil physical properties and soil fertility,there are still problems such as shallow tillage soil,weak fertility,high bulk density of the deeper soil,poor aggregate structural properties,serious stratification of the deeper soil,low crop yields and other problems,due to the long-term use of rotary tillage of wheat before sowing and no-tillage of maize and straw return tillage.It is important to adopt reasonable tillage practices and organic matter addition to improve the quality of lime concretion black soil.Therefore,in order to investigate the effects of the tillage practices,straw return to the field and biochar addition on the particle size structure distribution of soil aggregates,nutrient characteristics of aggregates,nutrient storage capacity and annual yield of wheat and maize,a long term localization experiment was set up with tillage and straw treatment at the Henan Province Agro ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station since 2014.After the year of 2020,the soils were supplemented with biochar.A three-factor,two-level experimental design was adopted,which consisted of tillage practices(conventional rotary tillage(CT),deep tillage(DT)),straw treatments(straw returned to the field(S),straw not returned to the field(NS))and biochar addition(biochar addition(B),and no biochar addition(NB)),with a total of eight treatments.The results showed that rotary tillage without biochar addition significantly improved the stability of soil aggregates and soil nutrient stocks in the 0-15 cm soil layer,whereas deep tillage with straw significantly improved the composition of soil aggregates in the>15-30 cm soil layer,which enhanced soil fertility and promoted the increase of crop yield.The correlation analysis showed that the crop yield increase in the lime concretion black soil

关 键 词：生物炭 团聚体 耕作 秸秆还田 养分固持 黑土 产量 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]