秸秆过滤养猪废水UASB厌氧发酵及微生物群落分析  

UASB anaerobic fermentation and microbial community analysis of pig wastewater after straw filtration

作　　者：关正军 王秋雁 贾兴江 束勇 熊丕荣 李伟[2] GUAN Zhengjun;WANG Qiuyan;JIA Xingjiang;SHU Yong;XIONG Pirong;LI Wei(Department of Engineering and Technology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences,Chongqing 402460,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学工程技术学院,重庆400715 [2]重庆市畜牧科学院,重庆402460

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第7期251-259,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：重庆市科技局农高新专项《水禽养殖污水资源化利用关键技术研究与应用示范》(CSTC2019ngzx0017);国家生猪技术创新中心先导科技项目(NCTIP-XD/B09)。

摘　　要：养猪废水成分复杂,所含悬浮性固体对其生物发酵过程影响显著;利用经过粉碎压实后的玉米秸秆对养猪废水进行负压抽滤,吸附截留废水中的悬浮性固体。再利用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB,up-flow anaerobic sludge bed/blanket)反应器对过滤后的养猪废水进厌氧发酵,探究发酵过程中随着有机负荷的增加,化学需氧量(COD,chemical oxygen demand)去除率、pH值、产气量的变化规律,并采用高通量测序技术分析最优负荷时厌氧消化污泥中的细菌与古菌群落组成。过滤试验表明,在过滤压差为40 kPa、滤层厚度为15 cm、滤料压实度为1.6倍密度时有较好的过滤效果,此时总固体(TS,total solid)、挥发性固体(VS,volatile solid)、COD的去除率分别为33.08%、28.05%、23.01%。厌氧发酵试验结果表明,在温度为(35±1)℃时反应器稳定运行的最高负荷为11.00 kg/(m^(3)·d);反应器处理效果最优的负荷为10 kg/(m^(3)·d),此时进水COD浓度为5000 mg/L、COD去除率为76.46%、容积产气率为1.51 m^(3)/(m^(3)·d)。高通量测序结果表明,厌氧发酵过程由多种微生物菌群协同作用,主要的细菌群类是Firmicutes、Bacteroidota,主要古菌群类为Halobacterota,且高效产甲烷菌分布丰富。试验结果可为利用作物秸秆过滤养猪废水进行以废治废的技术应用提供依据。Pig wastewater is often characterized by the complex composition of the protein,oil,cellulose,suspended and dissolved particulate solids.Among them,the suspended solids have posed a serious impact on biological fermentation.The granular sludge can clog to reduce the flocculation activity in the particle disintegration and inactivation.The reactor of sludge production can lead to shorten the age of sludge,thus affecting the reactor processing efficiency.The efficiency of the reactor can depend mainly on the shortening of sludge age,due to the increase of sludge production.Alternatively,the waste resources of corn stover are very rich in the annual output in China.Furthermore,the corn stover with a rich natural porous structure can be expected to adsorb and then maintain the suspended and dissolved particulate solids in the pig wastewater.Taking the corn stover after crushing and compaction as the filtration medium,negative-pressure filtration was carried out to remove the suspended and insoluble particulate solids in the pig wastewater,together with the parts of organic matter.The upper-flow anaerobic sludge bed/blanket(UASB)reactor was used for the anaerobic fermentation of filtered pig wastewater.The chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal rate,pH value and gas production were also explored with the increase of organic load in the fermentation.High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the composition,bacterial and archaeal communities in the anaerobically digested sludge under the optimal load at the beginning of the experiment.The test results showed that the best performance of pig wastewater filtration was achieved,when the pressure was 40 kPa,the thickness of the filter layer was 15cm,and the compaction degree of filter media was 1.6 times the density.The removal rates of the total solid,volatile solid,and COD were 33.08%,28.05%,and 23.01%,respectively.The anaerobic fermentation test showed that the maximum load of reactor was 11 kg/(m^(3)·d)for the stable operation at the temperature of(35±1)℃,at which

关 键 词：过滤 微生物群落 养猪废水 玉米秸秆 UASB厌氧发酵 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]