基于功率变换器的梯次利用电池系统均衡控制策略  

Balancing control strategy for cascaded utilization of battery systems using power converters

作　　者：张大兴 黄泽荣 王祥东 王延凯 蔡冰子 袁昊宇 田明明 袁英平 曹原[2] ZHANG Daxing;HUANG Zerong;WANG Xiangdong;Wang Yankai;CAI Bingzi;YUANHaoyu;TIAN Mingming;YUAN Yingping;CAO Yuan(Huizhou Power Supply Bureau,China Southern Power Grid Guangdong Power Grid Co.,Ltd,Huizhou 516000,Guangdong,Chian;School of Automation,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]南方电网广东电网有限责任公司惠州供电局,广东惠州516000 [2]中南大学自动化学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《储能科学与技术》2024年第5期1635-1642,共8页Energy Storage Science and Technology

基　　金：广东电网有限责任公司惠州供电局科技项目(0313002023030103B200031);国家自然科学基金项目(62103443);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ40630)。

摘　　要：梯次利用是一种处理退役锂电池的经济高效的方法。但是在电池梯次利用过程中,存在不同新旧状态电池混用而导致的不均衡问题,会影响电池系统的安全稳定运行。本工作分析了梯次利用电池直接并联时,由于不均衡导致的电流环流以及系统容量利用率低的问题。为解决这一问题,本工作提出一种基于功率变换器的梯级电池并联系统结构及均衡控制算法。所提方法将每个电池模组和功率变换器相连组成一个功率模组,通过调节电压环路、电流环路、荷电环路的输出,分别控制每个电池模组的充放电电流,最终实现梯次利用电池均衡优化控制策略。本工作给出了系统控制策略的详细分析和实验结果讨论,以评估和验证所提均衡方法的有效性。实验测试表明,在使用相同健康程度电池、不同健康程度电池以及变负载等测试情况下,本工作所提梯次利用电池均衡控制策略都能够稳定、有效控制不同电池电流,保证电池之间的荷电参数均衡,提高了电池系统整体效率。本研究可以促进废旧电池的有效梯次利用,并为电池系统均衡控制提供新思路。通过实现电池的均衡利用,可以延长电池的使用寿命,降低系统故障风险,提高系统的可靠性和稳定性。The cascaded utilization of batteries is an economic and efficient metho d for handling retired lithium batteries.However,during the process of cascaded utilization,some issues may arise due to the imbalance caused by the simultaneous use of batteries of different ages and conditions,affecting the safe and stable operation of the battery system.This study analyzes the issues of current loops and low battery system capacity utilization caused by the imbalance arising when the batteries prepared for cascaded utilization are directly paralleled.To address these issues,this study proposes a battery system in parallel and a balancing control algorithm based on power converters.In this approach,each battery module is connected to a power converter to form a power module.By adjusting the output of the voltage loop,current loop,and state-of-charge loop,the charging and discharging currents of each battery module are controlled independently,achieving balanced and optimized control for cascaded utilization of batteries.This study provides a detailed analysis of the control strategy and discusses experimental results to evaluate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed balancing method.The experimental test results demonstrate that the proposed balancing control strategy can effectively and stably control the currents of different batteries,ensure balanced state-of-charge parameters between batteries,and improve the overall efficiency of the battery system.Thus,this study promotes the effective cascaded utilization of retired batteries and provides new ideas for implementing balancing control in battery systems.By achieving balanced utilization of batteries,their lifespan can be extended,the risk of system failure can be reduced,and the reliability and stability of the battery system can be improved.

关 键 词：电池储能系统 荷电参数 电池均衡 功率变换器 电池梯次利用 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]