婚姻挤出:县域体制内年轻女性婚配困难问题解析  

Marriage Squeeze-out:On Marriage Challenges for Young Women in County Systems

作　　者：杨华[1] Yang Hua(School of Sociology,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430073)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第3期53-62,共10页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农村社区治理创新问题研究”(22&ZD173)。

摘　　要：随着县域体制内大龄未婚女性数量的增多,县域体制内年轻女性的婚姻问题受到了广泛的社会关注。调查发现,与农村大龄未婚男性婚配困难成因不同,县域体制内大龄未婚女性不是因为遭遇婚姻市场上女多男少的性别“挤压”而出现婚配困难问题,而是在狭窄的县域社会空间内和“男高女低”婚配规则支配下,由于她们的学历高、社会地位高、工作能力强、事业有成就,县域婚姻市场内能跟她们条件相匹配的适婚男性数量少,从而导致她们中有些人会被“挤出”社会正常婚姻轨道。县域婚姻市场中的“挤出”性结构包括性别挤出、体制挤出和空间挤出三个方面,挤出的是县域体制内大龄年轻女性,而非体制内男性或体制外女性。在县域婚姻“挤出”性结构短时间内无法改变的前提下,体制内年轻女性要实现结婚意愿,就需要在年龄较轻、职务职级较低时确定婚恋对象,或者勇于破除“男高女低”婚配规则而在体制外寻找婚配对象,否则就需要走出县域参与广阔的全国婚姻市场竞争。The growing population of unmarried thirtyish women within county systems has attracted attention to the marriage dilemmas faced by young women employed in these systems.Research indicates that unlike the obstacles encountered by unmarried thirtyish men in rural areas,the challenges confronting unmarried thirtyish women in county systems are not a result of a surplus of women or gender“squeeze”in the marriage market.Instead,these challenges stem from the constrained social environment within county societies and the prevalence of the“men superior,women inferior”matchmaking norm.With this group of women s high levels of education,social status,capabil ities,and accomplishments,there is a scarcity of eligible men in the county marriage market to meet their standards,so some of them digress from the typical path to marriage.The structure of“squeeze-out”in the county marriage market includes gender exclusion,system exclusion,and spatial exclusion.The“squeezed-out”are the young women working within county systems rather than young men or women outside these systems.Given the persistence of the“squeeze-out”structure in the county marriage market,young women employed in county systems who desire marriage must either establish relationships at a younger age with lower social status,challenge the“men superior,women inferior”norm,or seek partners outside the systems.Alternatively,they may need to leave the county systems and engage themselves in the broader national marriage market competition.

关 键 词：县域社会 婚姻市场 婚姻挤压 未婚女姓 

分 类 号：C913.1[经济管理]