全过程人民民主对西方民主的超越:“人民的统治”再阐释  

The Transcendence of Whole-Process People’s Democracy Over Western Democracy:Further Explanation of“Rule by the People”

作　　者：戴激涛 Dai Jitao

机构地区：[1]广东财经大学法学院,广东广州510320 [2]广东财经大学人权研究院,广东广州510320

出　　处：《中共天津市委党校学报》2024年第3期26-37,共12页Journal of the Party School of Tianjin Committee of the CPC

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“全过程人民民主的法治保障体系建设研究”(批准号22JZD017);广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“人大以法治方式助力全过程人民民主的广东实践研究”(批准号GD23WTA01)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：针对西方民主面临的理论困境和实践难题,中国共产党人团结带领中国人民创造性地提出全过程人民民主重大理论,从理论逻辑、运行机理和实践进路明晰了作为民主本质的“人民的统治”核心要义,为如何实现民主有效运转设计了系统完备的制度体系。全过程人民民主坚持运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义理解“人民”概念,始终把实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民根本利益作为发展全过程人民民主的出发点和落脚点,是以人民为中心的和合型民主。全过程人民民主通过设计以确保人民当家作主的制度体系,始终坚持有事好商量、有事多商量,建立起高效协同的“全过程协商”机制确保人民始终“在场”,是以广泛协商为基本原则的参与型民主。全过程人民民主在实践主体层面始终坚持人民主体地位,确保最广泛的人民参与;在实践成效层面要求对国家权力进行全程制约和监督,以实现人民广泛权利和自由全面发展,是以“全过程”为鲜明特色的发展型民主。In view of the theoretical difficulties and practical problems of western democracy,the CPC united and led the Chinese people to creatively put forward the great theory of whole-process people’s democracy.It clarified the core meaning of“rule by the people”as the essence of democracy and made systematic and complete institutional arrangements for how to realize the effective operation of democracy from three aspects of theoretical logical,operational mechanism and practical approach.In terms of theoretical logical,the whole-process people’s democracy adheres to the use of dialectical materialism and historical materialism to understand the concept of“people”,and always takes the realization,maintenance,and development of the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the starting point and foothold for the development of the whole-process people’s democracy.So,the whole-process people’s democracy is a people-centered and harmonious democracy.In terms of operational mechanism,the whole-process people’s democracy is designed to ensure that the people are the masters of their own system,always adhering to the principle of deliberating things easily and deliberating more.By establishing an effective“whole-process deliberation”mechanism,the people are always“present”,which is a participatory democracy based on the basic principle of extensive deliberation.In terms of practical approach,the whole-process people’s democracy always adheres to the status of the people as the main body,ensuring the widest possible participation of the people.At the level of practical effectiveness,it is required to restrict and supervise the state power throughout the whole process,in order to realize the broad rights and achieve comprehensive and free development of the people,which is a development oriented democracy with the“whole process”as its distinctive feature.

关 键 词：全过程人民民主 人民的统治 和合型民主 协商参与 发展型民主 

分 类 号：D621[政治法律—政治学]