不同施氮量对小麦蚕豆间作体系中产量和根系特征的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application rates on yield and root characteristics in wheat and faba bean intercropping system

作　　者：刘英超 万山平[2] 黄敏[1] 郑毅 LIU Ying-chao;WAN Shan-ping;HUANG Min;ZHENG Yi(College of Aronomy and Biology Science,Kunming University,Kunming Yunnan 650214;College of Resources and Environmental Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201;Yunnan Rural Revitalization Institution,Yunnan Open University,Kunming Yunnan 650101)

机构地区：[1]昆明学院农学与生命科学学院,云南昆明650214 [2]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [3]云南开放大学乡村振兴教育学院,云南昆明650101

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第3期79-86,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：云南省地方本科高校基础研究联合专项项目[202101BA070001-235、2019FH001-(056)];云南省科技特派员项目(ZX20210083);云南省外国专家引智项目(202305AP350003);昆明学院人才引进科研启动项目(YJL2005)。

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验,以小麦(Tricum aestivum)和蚕豆(Vicia faba)为研究对象,分别设置根系分隔[尼龙分隔(MB)、塑料分隔(PB)、无分隔(NB)]3种种植方式,系统探讨间作条件下,不同施氮量小麦、蚕豆根系形态变化特征,为进一步探明间作体系作物的增产机制提供依据。结果表明:随施氮量增加,小麦产量增加;蚕豆根系直径、表面积增加。低氮量条件(N/2)下,与塑料分隔(PB)和尼龙分隔(MB)相比,无分隔(NB)小麦根长分别增加0.66%和2.61%,根系表面积分别增加56.14%和52.75%,比根长分别增加18.55%和64.92%,比表面积分别增加64.04%和82.98%;无分隔(NB)蚕豆产量分别增加26.29%和34.84%,根系干重分别增加35.1%和45.4%,根系表面积分别增加72.66%和29.12%,根系直径分别增加66.67%和14.82%,根系体积分别增加9.55%和5.91%,比表面积分别增加165.62%和134.76%。小麦产量与根长和根系表面积呈正相关,而蚕豆产量与根长呈负相关,与根系比表面积呈正相关。不同间作体系,作物之间根系形态变化是影响产量变化的表面驱动因子,低氮量环境下,根系间作程度越高,效果越明显。Through pot experiment of wheat//faba bean root nylon separation(MB),wheat//faba bean root plastic separation(PB),wheat//faba bean root no separation(NB),the root morphological characteristics of wheat and faba bean were systematically explored under different nitrogen application levels and intercropping conditions to provide a basis for further exploring the mechanism of crop yield in the intercropping system.The results showed that the yield of wheat,the diameter and surface area of faba bean root were all increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Under deficient nitrogen(N/2)condition,compared with PB and MB,the wheat root length of NB were increased by 0.66%and 2.61%,root surface area of wheat were increased by 56.14%and 52.75%,and specific root length of wheat were increased by 18.55%and 64.92%,specific root surface area of wheat were increased by 64.04%and 82.98%,respectively;the faba bean yield of NB were increased by 26.29%and 34.84%,root dry weight were increased by 35.1%and 45.4%,root surface area of faba bean were increased by 72.66%and 29.12%,root diameter of faba bean were increased by 66.67%and 14.82%,root volume of faba bean were increased by 9.55%and 5.91%,specific root surface area of faba bean were increased by 165.62%and 134.76%,respectively.The yield of wheat was positively correlated with root length and root surface area,while the yield of faba bean was negatively correlated with root length and positively correlated with specific root surface area.In different intercropping system,root morphological changes between crops were the surface driving factors affecting yield changes.Under low nitrogen environment,the higher the degree of root intercropping,the more obvious the effect.

关 键 词：小麦 蚕豆 根系分隔 施氮量 产量 根系形态 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S643.6