不同磷肥对镉胁迫下茄子苗期光合作用及抗氧化酶系统的影响  

Effects of different phosphorus fertilizers on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme systems of eggplant seedlings under cadmium stress

作　　者：孟庆慧 樊文华[1] 刘奋武[1] 王改玲[1] 于敏敏 田露丹 MENG Qing-hui;FAN Wen-hua;LIU Fen-wu;WANG Gai-ling;YU Min-min;TIAN Lu-dan(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu Shanxi 030801)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第3期112-120,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：山西农业大学学术恢复科研专项(2020xshf20);山西坤润现代农业发展公司项目。

摘　　要：探究在石灰性土壤中施加不同磷肥对镉胁迫下茄子苗期光合作用及抗氧化酶系统的影响,为选出合理有效的磷肥、缓解镉毒害作用提供依据。采用盆栽试验,使用黄土状石灰性褐土种植茄子,通过双因素分析法研究了4种磷肥[磷酸一铵(MAP)、过磷酸钙(SSP)、磷酸二铵(DAP)、磷酸氢钙(DCP)]和4个施磷水平[0、0.15、0.25、0.35 g·kg^(-1)(以每千克土中P含量计),分别用P0、P1、P2、P3表示]在土壤镉(5 mg·kg^(-1)Cd)环境下,对茄子苗期叶片中叶绿素、光合作用、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的影响。研究结果表明,Cd胁迫下茄子叶片中叶绿素受损,通过施加不同磷肥,叶绿素含量均呈增长趋势,在SSP施磷类型P3水平下,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和总叶绿素含量分别增加57%、120%、53%和76%。不同磷肥均显著提高光合作用的强度,降低Cd的胁迫。具体来看,净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)均表现为MAP≥DAP≥SSP>DCP,MAP施磷类型P3水平下,Pn为17.4μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),Gs为0.2 mmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),蒸腾速率(Tr)在DCP施磷类型P3水平下,较P0增加了165%,胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)在DAP施磷类型P3水平下提高幅度最为明显,较P0提高了28%。施用磷肥可以显著增加抗氧化酶系统的活性,但不同磷肥对抗氧化酶系统活性的提升效果不同,其中磷酸二铵对MDA含量的降低幅度最为明显,为41%;磷酸一铵对SOD、POD和CAT活性的增加最显著,分别增加了43%、106%和66%;过磷酸钙对APX和GR的活性增幅最大,分别为54%和93%。因此,施加不同磷肥可以缓解Cd胁迫下对茄子叶片的毒害,增强光合作用,提高抗氧化酶活性的作用。This research was conducted in order to investigate the effects of applying different phosphorus fertilizers on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme systems of eggplant seedlings under cadmium stress in calcareous soils,and to provide a basis for selecting a reasonable and effective phosphorus fertilizer to alleviate the toxic effects of cadmium.Four kinds of phosphorus fertilizers,including monoammonium phosphate(MAP),calcium superphosphate(SSP),diammonium phosphate(DAP)and calcium hydrogen phosphate(DCP),and four levels of phosphorus application(P 0,0.15,0.25 and 0.35 g·kg^(-1),which was expressed as P0,P1,P2,P3,respectively)were set up in a pot experiment using eggplant and loess-like calcareous brown soil as experimental materials under soil Cd(5 mg·kg^(-1) Cd)environment,and the chlorophyll,photosynthesis,malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),ascorbate peroxidase(APX)and glutathione reductase(GR)of eggplant seedling leaves were investigated.The results showed that chlorophyll was impaired in eggplant leaves under Cd stress,and chlorophyll content was increased by applying different phosphorus fertilizers,with chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoids and total chlorophyll content increasing by 57%,120%,53%and 76%,respectively,at the P3 level of SSP phosphorus application type.All different phosphorus fertilizers significantly increased the intensity of photosynthesis and reduced Cd stress.Specifically,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and stomatal conductance(Gs)showed as MAP≥DAP≥SSP>DCP,with Pn of 17.4μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1) and Gs of 0.2 mmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1) at the P3 level of MAP phosphorus application type,transpiration rate(Tr)increased by 165%compared to P0 at the P3 level of DCP phosphorus application type,and intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci)increased most significantly at the P3 level of DAP phosphorus application type,which increased by 28%compared to P0.Phosphorus fertilizer application significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzyme systems,b

关 键 词：镉胁迫 磷肥类型 施磷水平 茄子 光合作用 抗氧化酶系统 

分 类 号：S641.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]