速度节奏对高水平400 m个人混合泳运动员竞赛成绩影响的实证研究  

An Empirical Study on the Influence of Speed and Rhythm on the Performance of High Level 400-meter Individual Medley Athletes

作　　者：谭德军 向军 TAN Dejun;XIANG Jun(School of Physical Education,Huizhou University,Huizhou 516007,China;College of Physical Education and Health,Zhaoqing University,Zhaoqing 526061,China;College of Sports Science,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China)

机构地区：[1]惠州学院体育学院,广东惠州516007 [2]肇庆学院体育与健康学院,广东肇庆526061 [3]华南师范大学体育科学学院,广东广州510631

出　　处：《南京体育学院学报》2024年第3期61-69,共9页Journal of Nanjing Sports Institute

基　　金：2023年度广东省教育科学规划课题(2023GXJK528);广东省高等教育学会十四五规划2023年度课题(23GQN24)。

摘　　要：速度节奏是400 m个人混合泳比赛中速度的变化特征,是制约高水平400 m个人混合泳运动员竞赛成绩的关键要素。目的:探究速度节奏对高水平400 m个人混合泳运动员的竞赛表现,以性别、竞技能力为分类变量,从而确定高水平400 m个人混合泳运动员在世界大赛中的速度节奏差异。方法:以参加400 m个人混合泳比赛(2012—2023赛季)运动员的竞赛成绩为研究对象,将男、女运动员按照比赛成绩分为奖牌组和非奖牌组,运用独立样本T检验、相关分析、回归分析研究400 m个人混合泳运动员各分段成绩、分段速度、速度系数等之间的关系。结果:(1)400 m个人混合泳的速度节奏呈“U”形曲线轨迹(两头高,中间低),即采用积极加速策略游进。其中,第六分段为最低点,第一和第八分段为高点,第四分段为小加速现象;(2)男子奖牌组分段速度、速度系数与非奖牌组、女子组有显著差异(P<0.05),女子奖牌组与非奖牌组之间均差异显著(P<0.05)。高水平400 m个人混合泳运动员在第一、二、七、八分段为加速游(蝶泳、自由泳分段),而在第二至第六分段为减速游(仰泳、蛙泳分段);(3)男子运动员第一至第七分段与总成绩显著正相关(P<0.05),第二分段相关性最强(R=0.779),第三分段其次(R=0.701),女子运动员第三至第八分段与总成绩显著正相关(P<0.05),相关性最强的是第七分段(R=0.828),第四分段其次(R=0.676),且均拟合方程。结论:“U”形游进节奏是400 m个人混合泳运动员比赛采用的常用节奏(蝶泳、自由泳阶段为加速游,仰泳、蛙泳阶段为减速游),第四分段、第六分段、第八分段的速度节奏分配策略、竞技能力是400 m个人混合泳比赛制胜的关键,运动员们应该在提高绝对速度、合理分配体能的基础上,着重提高四种泳式技术、速度耐力、爆发力,确保比赛中各分段能量系统的最优利用。Speed rhythm is the characteristic of speed change in the 400-meter individual medley competition,and it is the key factor that restricts the performance of high-level 400-meter individual medley athletes.Objective:To investigate the effects of speed and rhythm on the performance of high-level 400 meter individual medley athletes,and to determine the speed and rhythm differences of high-level 400 meter individual medley athletes in the world championships with gender and competitive ability as the categorical variables.How:Based on the results of athletes participating in the 400-meter individual medley(2012-2023 season),male and female athletes were divided into medal group and non-medal group according to the results.Independent sample T test,correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to study the relationship among the performance,speed and speed coefficient of 400 meter individual medley swimmers.Results:(1)The speed rhythm of 400 m individual medley was U-shaped curve track(high at both ends,low in the middle),that is,active acceleration strategy was adopted.Among them,the sixth section is the lowest point,the first and eighth sections are the highest point,and the fourth section is a small acceleration phenomenon.(2)The sectional speed and speed coefficient of the male medal group were significantly different from those of the non-medal group and the female group(P<0.05),and there were significant differences between the female medal group and the non-medal group(P<0.05).The advanced 400 m individual medley swimmers are accelerated in subsections 1,2,7 and 8(butterfly and freestyle)and slowed down in sections 2 to 6(backstroke and breaststroke).(3)Subsections 1 to 7 were significantly positively correlated with the total scores of male athletes(P<0.05),the second subsection had the strongest correlation(R=0.779),followed by the third subsection(R=0.701),and the third subsection 3 to 8 had a significant positive correlation with the total scores of female athletes(P<0.05),and the seventh subsecti

关 键 词：速度节奏 400 m个人混合泳运动员 性别 竞技能力 差异 

分 类 号：G861[文化科学—体育训练]