先合法性后合宪性审查之理论误区  

Theoretical Misunderstandings of Legality Prior to Constitutional Review

作　　者：郑贤君[1] Zheng Xianjun

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学政法学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2024年第3期160-174,共15页Law and Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“合宪性审查标准的中国化与体系化”(19AFX005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为“穷尽法律救济途径”的变体,“先合法性后合宪性审查”是司法中心主义宪法实施思维之余韵,虽然蕴含着极为重要的法律命题,但不适用于我国最高国家权力机关宪法监督之备案审查。“法秩序统一”而非主观权利宪法监督模式决定合法性与合宪性审查没有先后之别,抽象审查决定这一顺位缺乏宪法基础,最高国家权力机关监督体制意味其没有宪法空间,法律适用原则决定“没有上位法”亦为伪问题。法治要求“法”突破法律实证主义桎梏,维护党中央权威和国家法治统一;民主集中制要求备案审查“不得回避法律判断”。是故,作为一个假言命题,这一审查原则因前提条件不存在而不能成立。As a variant of the“exhaustion of legal remedies”approach,“legality prior to constitutional review”is a residual of the judicial-center constitutional implementation thinking.Although it contains extremely important legal propositions,it is not applicable to the filing review of the constitutional supervision of the highest state power organ in China.The“unity of legal order”rather than subjective rights is determined by the constitutional supervision model.There is no distinction between legality and constitutional review.The abstract review decision lacks a constitutional basis,and the supervision system of the highest state power organ means that it does not have constitutional space.Moreover,application of law decided that“no superior law”is also a false issue.The rule of law requires breaking through the shackles of legal positivism and maintaining the authority of the Party Central Committee and the unity of national rule of law.Democratic centralism requires that filing and review must not evade legal judgment.Therefore,as a hypothetical proposition,this principle of examination cannot be established because the prerequisite does not exist.

关 键 词：合法性 合宪性 穷尽法律救济 法律实证主义 不得回避法律判断 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]