基于生态系统服务流的东北地区水安全格局  

Water security pattern in Northeast China based on ecosystem service flow

作　　者：孙才志[1] 安志英 SUN Caizhi;AN Zhiying(Institute of Marine Sustainable Development,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学海洋可持续发展研究院,辽宁大连116029 [2]辽宁师范大学地理科学学院,辽宁大连116029

出　　处：《水资源保护》2024年第3期11-19,27,共10页Water Resources Protection

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(19AJY010)。

摘　　要：基于供水服务“供流需”(供给流动需求)的研究思路构建水安全框架,采用水生态系统服务供需比测度水生态系统供需服务盈余和赤字状态,提取水生态“源”“汇”区,采用最小累计阻力模型识别“源汇”廊道和脆弱节点,进而分析东北地区水安全格局。结果表明:2000—2020年东北地区产水量和需水量均呈增加态势,空间上产水量大致呈东多西少分布,需水量的空间分布与人口密度、社会经济发展程度高度一致;整体而言,研究期内水生态系统供需服务主要表现为盈余状态,且盈余面积逐渐增加;水生态“源”区主要分布在东部及中部地区的耕地和林地,水生态“汇”区主要集中在西部地区的耕地、林地和未利用地;东北地区的水生态“源汇”廊道主要为松花江、绥芬河、辽河、图们江、大凌河、太子河等河流及其支流;辽宁中部、长春、哈尔滨等地多个供水节点较为脆弱,黑龙江中部的供水节点需要加强保护。A water security framework was constructed based on the research idea of“supply-flow-demand”of water supply service.The surplus and deficit states of water ecosystem services were measured with the supply-demand ratio of water ecosystem services,and water ecological“source”and“sink”areas were extracted.The minimum cumulative resistance model was used to identify“source-sink”corridors and vulnerable nodes,and the water security pattern of Northeast China was analyzed.The results indicate that from 2000 to 2020,the water yield and water demand in Northeast China showed increasing trends.Spatially,the water yield was generally more abundant in the east and less in the west,while the spatial distribution of water demand was highly correlated with population density and the level of social and economic development.On the whole,the main performance of water ecosystem supply and demand services was characterized by a surplus state in the research period,and the area of surplus gradually increased.Water ecological“source”areas were mainly distributed in cultivated land and forest land in the eastern and central regions,and water ecological“sink”areas were mainly concentrated in cultivated land,forest land,and unused land in the western region.The water ecological“source-sink”corridors in Northeast China were mainly in the Songhua River,Suifen River,Liao River,Tumen River,Daling River,and Taizi River,along with their tributaries.Multiple water supply nodes in central Liaoning,Changchun,and Harbin were relatively fragile,and water supply nodes in central Heilongjiang need to be highly protected.

关 键 词：水资源 生态系统服务流 产水量 需水量 东北地区 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]