本雅明历史观的结构性及其道德维度  

On the Structure and Moralityof Benjamin’s Historical View

作　　者：蒋迪[1] JIANG DI

机构地区：[1]华侨大学马克思主义学院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《华侨大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期23-31,共9页Journal of Huaqiao University(Philosophy & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(20FZXB059)。

摘　　要：现代历史观脱胎于古希腊和犹太—基督教历史观,它分别继承了古希腊历史观的人义论和犹太—基督教历史观的线性时间观念。然而这也导致了现代历史观对于历史的道义问题无法给出令人满意的答案。康德将人类理性作为自身最基本的能力从神学教条中解放出来,使人类从命运的枷锁中挣脱。然而这种旨在为人类争取自由的启蒙运动却反过来钳制了人类的自由。尼采认为这种缺乏“真诚性”的道德观念恰恰是现代社会虚无主义的根源。他用“超人”来代替旧有的道德秩序的维护者——上帝,但是这不过是用权力意志代替了旧有的价值体系,并没有从根本上解决历史哲学的道德困境。本雅明的历史观切断了以往线性时间的连续性,赋予历史道德维度。他认为,历史的道德性在于对“客观谎言”的辨识与矫正。Based on the historical view of ancient Greece and Judaism-Christianity,the modern view of history inherited the Anthrodizee of the historical view of ancient Greece and the linear time concept of Judaism-Christianity history,which leads to the problem that the modern view of history can’t give a satisfactory answer to the moral issues of history.Kant liberated human rationality,as a basic ability,from theological dogma,freeing humanity from the shackles of fate.But the Enlightenment movement aimed at fighting for human freedom has in turn constrained human freedom.Nietzsche believed that the moral view of lacking“sincerity”is the root of nihilism in modern society.He used“Superman”to replace the maintainer(God)of the old moral order,but this only replaced the old value system with the will of power,and did not fundamentally solve the moral dilemma of historical philosophy.Benjamin’s view of history cut off the continuity of linear time in the past and gave history a moral dimension.He thought that the morality of history reflected in the screening of“objective lies”.

关 键 词：本雅明 历史观 结构性 客观谎言 

分 类 号：K01[历史地理—历史学]