低轨卫星磁测及全球地磁场建模  

Advancements in low Earth orbit satellite magnetic field measurements and global geomagnetic field modeling

作　　者：杨艳艳 王婕 泽仁志玛 申旭辉 周斌 袁仕耿 苗元青 徐玥 Yang Yanyan;Wang Jie;Zeren Zhima;Shen Xuhui;Zhou Bin;Yuan Shigeng;Miao Yuanqing;Xu Yue(National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management of China,Beijing 100085,China;National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;DFH Satellite Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院,北京100085 [2]中国科学院国家空间科学中心,北京100190 [3]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094 [4]航天东方红卫星有限公司,北京100081

出　　处：《地球与行星物理论评（中英文）》2024年第6期652-667,共16页Reviews of Geophysics and Planetary Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(42274214);国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(42004051,41904134);国家重点研发计划政府间重点专项(2023YFE0117300);亚太二期地震电离层扰动资助项目。

摘　　要：低轨卫星磁测因其覆盖范围广、精度高、无疆域限制等优点,已逐步成为全球高精度地磁探测和全球地磁场模型更新的主要手段.本文首先对国内外低轨卫星磁测发展历史、主要特征、测量精度、发展趋势等做了总结和回顾.其次介绍了低轨卫星磁测的在轨定标流程和方法,详细描述了作为重点和难点的矢量磁场在轨正交校正和坐标转换算法,并展示了主要磁测卫星在轨定标结果.文章最后介绍了全球地磁场建模理论,并对主要的全球地磁场模型、空间分辨率等进行了总结,展示了主磁场、不同分辨率岩石圈磁场、磁层和电离层电流体系外源场的全球分布形态和主要特征.得益于低轨卫星磁测技术,全球地磁场建模得到了快速发展,并在科学研究、资源探测、通讯导航、自然灾害防治等领域得到了广泛应用,但目前仍然面临时空分辨率有限等问题,解决这一问题需要融合近地表观测数据,并不断优化场源描述能力和建模技术.Low Earth orbit(LEO)satellites have emerged as a primary tool for global geomagnetic field detection and model refinement,owing to their wide coverage,high resolution,and absence of geographical limitations.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the history,key characteristics,measurement accuracy,and future trends in LEO satellite magnetic field measurements.The first part of the paper outlines the evolution of LEO satellites,highlighting their unique advantages.The focus then shifts to the calibration methodology for in-orbit LEO satellite magnetic measurements,with a specific emphasis on vector magnetic field intrinsic calibration and alignment algorithms. Calibration results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of these methodologies. In the third section, the paper introduces the theory behind global geomagnetic field modeling. An overview of current global geomagnetic field models is provided, encompassing their sources, spatial resolutions, and other relevant at-tributes. The paper concludes by presenting the global morphology and features of the main field, lithospheric field, magnetospheric, and ionospheric field. Despite the significant progress enabled by LEO satellite technology, glob-al geomagnetic field modeling faces challenges such as limited spatio-temporal resolution. To address this, incor-porating near-surface observation data and continuously optimizing modeling technology are deemed essential solutions.

关 键 词：地磁场 卫星磁测 在轨定标 地磁场模型 主磁场 磁异常 外源场 

分 类 号：P318[天文地球—固体地球物理学]