医院病房置换通风系统对空气传播感染风险的影响研究  

Study on the Effect of Displacement Ventilation System in Hospital Negative Pressure Isolation Wards on the Risk of Airborne Infection

作　　者：朱永华 Zhu Yonghua(Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital,Nanjing,211200)

机构地区：[1]南京市溧水区人民医院,南京211200

出　　处：《制冷与空调（四川）》2024年第2期182-188,195,共8页Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

摘　　要：医院负压隔离病房的高效通风对于降低院内交叉感染和减少能源消耗至关重要。研究了置换通风在负压隔离病房中的适用性。为了评价不同工况下的通风系统,使用室内的换气效率和室内污染物的去除效率的概念对通风系统进行了研究。主要采用模拟对不同工况下室内的空气换气效率与污染物去除效果进行了研究,并采用实验的方式对模拟结果进行了验证。在研究工况中,分别考虑了换气次数变化,辐射墙壁变化和排风口位置变化对室内换气效率与污染物去除效率的影响。结果显示采用置换通风时,实际的换气效率介于0.5和1.0之间,污染物去除效率主要集中在0.73到2.0之间,同时医护人员呼吸高度出现了污染物的自锁现象。虽然置换通风系统可以降低室内的能耗,但是它同时也提高了医护人员的暴露风险。Effective ventilation in hospital negative-pressure isolation wards is crucial for reducing nosocomial crossinfections and minimizing energy consumption.In our paper,we studied the applicability of displacement ventilation in negative-pressure isolation wards.In order to assess the ventilation system under different conditions,we applied the concepts of air change efficiency and indoor contaminant removal effectiveness.The study primarily utilized simulations to examine indoor air exchange efficiency and indoor contaminant removal effectiveness under various conditions and validated these simulation results through experiments.Within our study,we assessed the impact of the air change rates,the location of radiant walls,and outlet positions on the air change efficiency and contaminant removal effectiveness.The results indicate that the actual ventilation efficiency of displacement ventilation ranges between 0.5 and 1.0,while contaminant removal effectiveness primarily falls between 0.73 and 2.0.Additionally,the contaminant'lock-up'phenomenon was observed at the breathing heights of healthcare workers.Although displacement ventilation systems can reduce indoor energy consumption,they simultaneously increase the exposure risk for healthcare workers.

关 键 词：负压隔离病房 置换通风 室内换气效率 污染物去除效率 

分 类 号：TU5[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]