晚清西南边疆危机中的地方力量与国家认同——以昆明自开商埠博弈为个案  

Local Force and National Identity in the Frontier Crisis of Southwest China in the Late Qing Dynasty:The Case of the Game of the Kunming-based Commercial Port

作　　者：张锦鹏[1] 周克虎 ZHANG Jinpeng;ZHOU Kehu(Center for Studies of Ethnic Minorities in the Borderland of Southwest China,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学西南边疆少数民族研究中心,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期1-13,共13页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项重大招标项目“古代边疆市场发展与中华民族交往交流交融研究”(23VLS018)。

摘　　要：晚清昆明自开商埠是由云南地方绅商倡导、地方官员主导的应对边疆危机的行动。这一行动开始得到了中央政府的支持,但在法国干涉下最终却以云南一方极力维持“不开放”而不了了之。通过对昆明自开商埠中云南地方政府、中央政府、法国三方博弈的具体呈现,探讨了以地方官员、文化精英和商界精英为代表的地方力量在边疆危机中的积极行动。地方极力争取昆明自开商埠的诉求,并非为争取地方利益而是维护国家主权完整。西南边疆地方力量的崛起,表面上看是西方帝国主义侵略“冲击--反应”的结果,实质上这股力量早已蕴含于边疆社会之中,它源于中华文明统一性的历史发展逻辑,根植于边疆社会广大民众的社会心理之中,在晚清边疆危机中通过昆明自开商埠的博弈得以彰显。这一集体行动背后,正是几千年来中华文明统一性和中华民族整体性的历史发展结果,早已在西南边疆地区形成了具有地方政治基础和民众心理基础的国家认同意识和国家主权意识。The Kunming-based commercial port in the late Qing dynasty was an action initiated by the local gentry-merchants and led by the local officials to deal with the border crisis.This action was initially supported by the central government,but was eventually abandoned after the French intervention,with Yunnan’s efforts at maintaining a“non-opening”policy.Through analyzing the concrete representation of the tripartite game between Yunnan local government,the central government and France in the process of establishing this commercial port,this paper discusses the active actions of the local force represented by local officials,cultural elites and business elites in the border crisis:they strove for the Kunming-based commercial port,not to fight for local interests but to safeguard the integrity of the national sovereignty.On the surface,the rise of the local force in the southwest border area of China was the result of the“shock and reaction”of Western imperialist aggression.In fact,this force had already been conceived in the frontier society,which originated from the historical development logic of the unity of Chinese civilization and rooted in the social psychology of the people in the frontier society,and was manifested through the game of the Kunming-based commercial port in the border crisis in the late Qing dynasty.This collective action embodies the result of the historical development of the unity of Chinese civilization and the integrity of the Chinese nation over the past several thousand years,representing a sense of the national identity and a sense of the national sovereignty in the southwest border areas of China with a local political foundation and a popular psychological foundation.

关 键 词：边疆危机 自开商埠 地方力量 国家主权 国家认同意识 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]