环境法典的体系结构、边界延伸与统合立法研究  

Research on the System Structure,Boundary Extension,and Integrated Legislation of Environmental Code

作　　者：彭峰[1] 张梁雪子 PENG Feng;ZHANG Liangxuezi(Institute of Law,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai,China,200020)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院法学研究所,上海200020

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期77-88,共12页Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“长江保护立法研究”(19AFX023)。

摘　　要：党的十八大以来,习近平生态文明思想深化了对自然规律、人类社会发展规律的认识,在“大力推进生态文明建设”部分,明确把“资源”“环境”“生态”三者分开并列表述,为环境法体系从“两分法”向“三分法”发展提供了政治基础。随着生态环境立法的激增,环境法体系进一步呈现不成体系性的特点,从“三分法”到“七分法”等观点被提出。环境法领域的扩张性使其边界具有模糊性。国家安全战略对环境法的功能进行了重塑,环境法体系结构需进行调整,应当超越传统分类标准。建议以绿色“新经济安全”价值为最高位阶的总体目标,建构新环境法体系,延伸边界,将气候法作为环境法的子体系;以“自然资本观”统合自然资源法和自然(生态)保护法,理顺内在逻辑结构,更新和构建新的自然资源(生态)保护法子体系。由于环境法体系的变化和不成体系性,在适度性编纂原则的基础上,若以实质性《生态环境法典》为目标,建议以最小范围划定构建统合立法,以总则和环境责任编为核心先行构建“环境法通则”。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization ideology has deepened the understanding of the laws of nature and the laws of human social development.In the section of“vigorously promoting ecological civilization construction”,the equivalent separation of resources,environment,and ecology have been explicitly stated,providing a political foundation for the development of the environmental legal system from a“dualistic”approach to a“trichotomous”approach.With the increasing number of ecological and environmental legislations,the environmental legal system has further demonstrated characteristics of a lack of systematicity,leading to the proposal of viewpoints such as transitioning from a“trichotomous”approach to a“septenary”approach.The expansiveness of the environmental law field has made its boundaries ambiguous.The reshaping of the function of environmental law by national security strategy requires adjustments to the structure of the environmental legal system,going beyond traditional classification criteria.It is recommended to establish a new environmental legal system with the overarching goal of green“new economic security”values,extending its boundaries and treating climate law as a sub-system of environmental law.The concept of“natural capital”should be used to integrate laws on natural resources and natural(ecological)conservation,clarifying the inherent logical structure and updating and constructing a new sub-system of laws on natural resources(ecology)conservation.Due to the changes and lack of systematicity in the environmental legal system,on the basis of the principle of moderate compilation,if the substantive goal is to establish an“Ecological Environment Code”,it is recommended to construct integrated legislation within the smallest scope,starting with the core construction of general provisions of environmental responsibility,and establish an“Environmental Code General Provisions”.

关 键 词：环境法典 两分法 三分法 体系化 国家安全 

分 类 号：DF469[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]